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Published by Collins

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First Edition 2019

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Ebook Edition © March 2019

ISBN: 9780008319939

Version: 2019-03-28

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INTRODUCTION

Whether you’re on holiday or staying in Japan for a slightly longer period of time, your Collins Visual Dictionary is designed to help you find exactly what you need, when you need it. With over a thousand clear and helpful images, you can quickly locate the vocabulary you are looking for.

The Visual Dictionary includes:

1. 10 chapters arranged thematically, so that you can easily find what you need to suit the situation

2. images – illustrating essential items

3. YOU MIGHT SAY… – common phrases that you might want to use

4. YOU MIGHT HEAR… – common phrases that you might come across

5. VOCABULARY – common words that you might need

6. YOU SHOULD KNOW… – tips about local customs or etiquette

USING YOUR COLLINS VISUAL DICTIONARY

The points below explain a few basic concepts of Japanese pronunciation and grammar and will help ensure that your Collins Visual Dictionary gives you as much help as possible when using Japanese:

1)There are several systems for writing Japanese in Roman characters, but the most understandable for English speakers is called the Hepburn system, which has been adapted slightly for use in this dictionary. Long vowels (pronounced with twice the length of normal vowels) have been written with a bar over the top, except for the double i:

ā ii ē ō ū

bus stop バス停 basu-tē

street 通り tōri

2)Japanese grammar is simple in many ways compared to European languages: there is no gender and there are no definite or indefinite articles; there is no difference between singular and plural; and verbs only have past and non-past (present or future) forms and do not change according to who is performing an action.

3)There are different levels of politeness in Japanese, but polite forms suitable for general use have been used in the phrases in this book.

Verbs are shown in the “plain” form. This is the form used among family members and close friends, and to form more complex structures, so you may hear people using it. However, it is safest to stick to using the polite form to avoid appearing over-familiar or rude. In the polite form, Japanese verbs end in “-masu”. Negative forms and past tenses are made by changing the verb ending.

4)Japanese uses small words called particles to show how different parts of the sentence relate to each other. Some are similar to English prepositions, but in Japanese they come immediately after the nouns they refer to. These particles have the following functions:

wa

topic marker

ga

subject marker

o

direct object marker

ni

indirect object marker, goal and location marker

to

connects nouns, ‘and’ or ‘with’

de

indicates by which means an action is carried out or where an action takes place

no

indicates that the second noun is described in some way by the first, e.g. possession

mo

“also/as well”

kara

“from/since”

made

“until/as far as”

Other particles occur at the end of sentences to change the meaning from a straightforward statement. The most common ones are:

ka

question marker

ne

asks for agreement or confirmation

yo

adds emphasis

Finally, some particles are used to link clauses to make more complex sentences. Two of the most useful are kara “because/so” (which always comes after the reason or cause) and ga “but/although”.

5)Japanese word order is subject – object – verb, with the verb at the end of the sentence. The basic Japanese sentence has a topic and a comment section. The topic, indicated by the topic marker wa, usually comes at the beginning of the sentence, but if it is understood among the speakers or from the context, it is often omitted. Personal pronouns are avoided; instead, the person’s name is normally used, even for “you”. The most neutral order for additional phrases in longer sentences is time – manner – place.

FREE AUDIO

We have created a free audio resource to help you learn and practise the Japanese words for all of the images shown in this dictionary. The Japanese words in each chapter are spoken by native speakers, giving you the opportunity to listen to each word twice and repeat it yourself. Download the audio from the website below to learn all of the vocabulary you need for communicating in Japanese.

www.collinsdictionary.com/resources

THE ESSENTIALS

| 必須事項

Whether you’re going to be visiting Japan, or even living there, you’ll want to be able to chat with people and get to know them better. Being able to communicate effectively with acquaintances, friends, family, and colleagues is key to becoming more confident in Japanese in a variety of everyday situations.

umbrella

傘

kasa

1. blue

青い

aoi

2. red

赤い

akai

3. yellow

黄色い

kiiroi

4. green

緑の

midori no

5. white

白い

shiroi

6. black

黒い

kuroi

THE BASICS

| 基本

Hello.

こんにちは。

konnichiwa.

Good morning.

おはよう（ございます）。

ohayō (gozaimasu).

Good afternoon.

こんにちは。

konnichiwa.

Good evening.

こんばんは

konbanwa.

Good night.

おやすみ（なさい）

oyasumi (nasai).

See you soon.

じゃあ、また。

jā, mata.

See you tomorrow.

また、明日。

mata, ashita.

Goodbye.

さようなら

sayōnara.

Bye!

じゃあね。

jā ne.

YOU SHOULD KNOW…

Japanese people bow to express their respect and appreciation. People bow to accompany greetings, words of appreciation, or apologies. The strength of the respect, gratitude, or apology dictates how low your bow should be.

There are two other common ways of saying goodbye in Japanese. The first, いってきます itte kimasu, is said by someone who is leaving but will return later. The second, いってらっしゃい itte rasshai, is said by the other person in response to that and literally means “go and return”.

Yes.

はい。

hai.

No.

いいえ。

iie.

I don’t know/understand.

分かりません。

wakarimasen.

please

お願いします。

onegai shimasu.

No, thanks.

いいえ、結構です。

iie, kekkō desu.

Excuse me.

すみません。

sumimasen.

Sorry?

何ですか。

nan desu ka?

I’m sorry.

すみません。

sumimasen.

OK!

はい！

hai!

Thank you.

ありがとう（ござい

ます）。

arigatō (gozaimasu).

You’re welcome.

いいえ（どういたしまして）。

iie (dō itashimashite).

Go ahead./Here you are.

どうぞ

dōzo

ABOUT YOU

| 自分について

How old are you?

何歳ですか。

nan-sai desu ka?

May I ask how old you are?

お年を聞いてもいいですか。

o-toshi o kiite mo ii desu ka?

When is your birthday?

誕生日はいつですか。

tanjōbi wa itsu desu ka?

I’m … years old.

…歳です。

…sai desu.

My birthday is on…

誕生日は…です。

tanjōbi wa …desu.

I was born in…

…で生まれました。

…de umaremashita.

Where are you from?

出身はどちらですか。

shusshin wa dochira desu ka?

Where do you live?

どこに住んでいますか。

doko ni sunde imasu ka?

I’m from…

私は…から来ました。

watashi wa … kara kimashita.

I live in…

…に住んでいます。

…ni sunde imasu.

I’m…

私は…です。

watashi wa …desu.

Scottish

スコットランド人

sukottorando-jin

English

イングランド人

ingurando-jin

Irish

アイルランド人

airurando-jin

Welsh

ウェールズ人

wēruzu-jin

British

イギリス人

igirisu-jin

Are you married?

結婚していますか。

kekkon shite imasu ka?

I have a partner.

パートナーがいます。

pātonā ga imasu.

I’m single.

独身です。

dokushin desu.

I’m married.

結婚しています。

kekkon shite imasu.

I’m divorced.

離婚しました。

rikon shimashita.

Do you have any children?

お子さんがいますか。

o-kosan ga imasu ka?

I have … children.

子供が…人います。

kodomo ga …nin imasu.

I don’t have any children.

子供がいません。

kodomo ga imasen.

FAMILY AND FRIENDS

| 家族と友だち

Different versions of words for family members are used depending on whether you are talking about your own family members (in-group) or someone else’s (out-group). In the list below, the terms before the slash are for your own family members, and those after it are honorific terms used to refer to someone else’s. Usage is changing, however: younger people today sometimes use the honorific terms to talk about their own family.

Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms

…さん

…san

husband

夫／ご主人

otto/go-shujin

wife

妻／奥さん

tsuma/oku-san

boyfriend

ボーイフレンド

bōi furendo

girlfriend

ガールフレンド

gāru furendo

partner

パートナー

pātonā

fiancé/fiancée

フィアンセ

fianse

son

息子／息子さん

musuko/musuko-san

daughter

娘／娘さん

musume/museme-san

mother

母／お母さん

haha/okā-san

father

父／お父さん

chichi/otō-san

older brother

兄／お兄さん

ani/onii-san

younger brother

弟／弟さん

otōto/otōto-san

older sister

姉／お姉さん

ane/onē-san

younger sister

妹／妹さん

imōto/imōto-san

uncle

おじ／おじさん

oji/oji-san

aunt

おば／おばさん

oba/oba-san

nephew

甥／甥ごさん

oi/oigo-san

niece

姪／姪ごさん

mē/mēgo-san

cousin

いとこ

itoko

grandfather

祖父／おじいさん

sofu/ojii-san

grandmother

祖母／おばあさん

sobo/obā-san

grandson

孫（息子）／お孫さん

mago(musuko)/omago-san

granddaughter

孫娘／孫娘さん

magomusume/magomusume-san

stepfather

血の繋がらない父

chi no tsunagaranai chichi

in-laws

義理の親戚

giri no shinseki

mother-in-law

義母

gibo

father-in-law

義父

gifu

daughter-in-law

義理の娘／…娘さん

giri no musume/…musume-san

son-in-law

義理の息子／…息子さん

giri no musuko/…musuko-san

brother-in-law

義理の兄弟

giri no kyōdai

sister-in-law

義理の姉妹

giri no shimai

friend

友達

tomodachi

neighbour

近所の人

kinjo no hito

baby

赤ん坊／赤ちゃん

akanbō/akachan

child/children

子供／お子さん

kodomo/o-ko-san

teenager

ティーンエージャー

tiin’ējā

parents

両親／ご両親

ryōshin/go-ryōshin

siblings

兄弟／ご兄弟

kyōdai/go-kyōdai

This is/These are…

こちらは…です。

kochira wa … desu.

This is my husband.

こちらは夫です。

kochira wa otto desu.

YOU SHOULD KNOW…

When speaking to family members, the honorific terms are used, except for younger brother/sister, when name + さん san, or more familiarly ちゃん chan (for boys and girls) or 君 kun (for boys) are used.

GENERAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING

| 健康

How are you?

お元気ですか。

o-genki desu ka?

How’s it going?

最近、いかがですか。

saikin, ikaga desu ka?

Very well, thanks, and you?

元気です。…さんは？

genki desu. …san wa?

Fine, thanks.

ありがとう。元気です。

arigatō. genki desu.

Great!

すごく元気です。

sugoku genki desu.

Not bad, thanks.

ありがとう。まあまあです。

arigatō. māmā desu.

Could be worse.

まずまずです。

mazumazu desu.

I’m fine.

大丈夫です。

daijōbu desu.

I’m tired.

疲れました。

tsukaremashita.

I’m hungry.

お腹が減っています。

onaka ga hette imasu.

I’m thirsty.

のどが渇いています。

nodo ga kawaite imasu.

I’m cold.

寒いです。

samui desu.

I’m warm.

あたたかいです。

atatakai desu.

I’m hot.

あついです。

atsui desu.

I am/feel…

（私は）…

(watashi wa) ….

happy

うれしいです

ureshii desu

excited

わくわくします

wakuwaku shimasu

surprised

びっくりしました

bikkuri shimashita

annoyed

イライラしています

iraira shite imasu

angry

怒っています

okotte imasu

sad

悲しいです

kanashii desu

worried

心配です

shinpai desu

afraid

怖いです

kowai desu

bored

退屈です

taikutsu desu

well

健康です

kenkō desu

unwell

気分が悪いです

kibun ga warui desu

better

よくなりました

yoku narimashita

worse

悪くなりました

waruku narimashita

WORK

| 仕事

Japanese people tend to say where they work, rather than the kind of work they do. Working for a major company at whatever level is prestigious.

Where do you work?

どこで働いていますか。

doko de hataraite imasu ka?

What’s your occupation?

お仕事は何ですか。

o-shigoto wa nan desu ka?

Do you work/study?

働いて／勉強していますか。

hataraite/benkyō shite imasu.

I’m self-employed.

自営業です。

jiēgyō desu.

I’m unemployed.

失業中です。

shitsugyō-chū desu.

I’m at university.

大学で勉強しています。

daigaku de benkyō shite imasu.

I’m retired.

退職しました。

taishoku shimashita.

I’m not working.

無職です。

mushoku desu.

I’m travelling.

旅行中です。

ryokō-chū desu.

I work from home.

家で働いています。

uchi de hataraite imasu.

I work part-/full-time.

パート／常勤で働いています。

pāto/jōkin de hataraite imasu.

I work at/in…

…で働いています。

… de hataraite imasu.

I work in a bank.

銀行に勤めています。

ginkō ni tsutomete imasu.

business

商売

shōbai

company

会社

kaisha

factory

工場

kōjō

government

政府

sēfu

hospital

病院

byōin

hotel

ホテル

hoteru

office

事務所／会社

jimusho/kaisha

restaurant

レストラン

resutoran

school

学校

gakkō

shop

店

mise

I’m a/an…

私は…です。

watashi wa … desu.

I work as a/an…

…の仕事をしています。

…no shigoto o shite imasu.

architect

建築家

kenchikuka

builder

建築業者／大工

kenchiku-gyōsha/daiku

chef

シェフ

shefu

civil servant

公務員

kōmuin

cleaner

清掃人

sēsō-nin

decorator

内装業者

naisō-gyōsha

dentist

歯医者

haisha

doctor

医者

isha

driver

運転手

untenshu

electrician

電気技師

denki-gishi

engineer

技師

gishi

firefighter

消防士

shōbōshi

IT worker

IT 技術者

aitii gijutsusha

journalist

ジャーナリスト

jānarisuto

lawyer

弁護士

bengoshi

mechanic

機械工

kikaikō

nurse

看護師

kangoshi

office worker

事務員

jimuin

plumber

配管工

haikankō

police officer

警察官

kēsatsukan

postal worker

郵便局員

yūbinkyokuin

sales assistant

店員

ten’in

teacher

教師／先生

kyōshi/sensē

vet

獣医

jūi

waiter/waitress

ウェイター／ウェイトレス

weitā/weitoresu

YOU SHOULD KNOW…