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See-saw, Margery Daw,

Jacky shall have a new master;

Jacky shall have but a penny a day,

Because he can’t work any faster.

NURSERY RHYME

4.11 laugher, staffer, carver, Carver, fava, guava, Java, larva, lava, laver, Arthur, Martha, farther, father, lather, rather, * Mustapha, cadaver, palaver, cassava, MacArthur, * grandfather, stepfather, godfather, forefather, * balaclava, Balaklava, Bratislava, Costa Brava, * bath her, starve her, etc.

4.12 Carla, gala, Mahler, parlour, snarler, sampler, sparkler, chandler, Chandler, Clara, Lara, Sara, Tara, Zara, Barbara, Sandra, Chartres, Sartre, genre, Farquhar, * cabbala, masala, Kampala, La Scala, Marsala, impala, koala, Uppsala, Sahara, Carrara, Ferrara, Tamara, cascara, mascara, tiara, O’Hara, O’Mara, macabre, Cassandra, Sinatra, Montmartre, Sumatra, Le Havre, Chihuahua, Campagna, * Guatemala, McNamara, capybara, carbonara, Che Guevara, Connemara, candelabra, Alexandra, Okinawa, Kurosawa, * Guadalajara, double entendre, * Emilia-Romagna, etc.

4.13 amah, armour, Balmer, Brahma, calmer, charmer, dharma, drama, farmer, Kama, karma, lama, llama, Palmer, Parma, Rama, Schama, bwana, Dana, darner, garner, Garner, Ghana, Lana, Marner, nana, Wagner, gardener, Gardner, Lardner, pardner, partner, * embalmer, Osama, cabana, sultana, banana, mañana, Svetlana, nirvana, Tijuana, Guiana, Guyana, liana, gymkhana, piranha, Tirana, iguana, Fontana, Montana, Botswana, * snake charmer, * Atacama, panorama, Dalai Lama, melodrama, Cinerama®, diorama, cyclorama, psychodrama, docudrama, Yokohama, Tatiana, Mariana, Africana, Afrikaner, marijuana, Santayana, Pax Romana, Mahayana, ikebana, Indiana, Lipizzaner, Weimaraner, Silas Marner, Rosh Hashanah, vox humana, Gloriana, rusticana, Juliana, Ljubljana, * Australiana, Americana, Shakespeareana, Louisiana, Victoriana, Edwardiana, * Vasco da Gama, Fata Morgana, Bophuthatswana, * Carmina Burana, * ipecacuanha, * harm her, disarm her, etc.

There was a young lady of Parma,

Whose conduct grew calmer and calmer.

EDWARD LEAR

4.14 Lhasa, passer, sparser, answer, chancer, dancer, lancer, prancer, Gaza, parser, plaza, harsher, Marsha, pasha, Berkshire, archer, Archer, marcher, starcher, rancher, pasture, charger, larger, rajah, slàinte, * Kinshasa, advancer, enhancer, departure, recharger, enlarger, discharger, * maharajah, turbocharger, supercharger, * tabula rasa, * entrance her, charge her, etc.

4.15 charlock, Charnock, * Kilmarnock

4.16 Harpic®, bardic, artic, Partick, arctic, Arctic, yardstick, Narvik, Slavic, garlic, Harlech, Hardwick, karmic, arsenic, carsick, heartsick, Tajik, * anarchic, hierarchic, monarchic, Sephardic, cathartic, subarctic, Antarctic, lethargic, * subantarctic

4.17 harboured, larboard, starboard, scarpered, guarded, charted, chartered, martyred, parted, started, drafted, shafted, granted, slanted, bastard, blasted, plastered, Dartford, Hartford, Hertford, Harvard, fathered, armoured, garnered, answered, * unguarded, regarded, retarded, bombarded, uncharted, unchartered, hardhearted, half-hearted, faint-hearted, departed, imparted, big-hearted, kind-hearted, light-hearted, softhearted, warm-hearted, stouthearted, downhearted, wholehearted, enchanted, unanswered, * unregarded, disregarded, tenderhearted, heavy-hearted, brokenhearted, disenchanted, flabbergasted, etc.

4.18 garbage, yardage, vantage, Carthage, carnage, cartridge, partridge, Partridge, * advantage, * disadvantage

4.19 barbel, garble, marble, Schnabel, carpal, carpel, Marple, sample, sparkle, rascal, gargle, startle, stratal, artful, harmful, carvel, larval, Havel, marvel, Marvell, Cherwell, narwhal, Carmel, carnal, charnel, darnel, Parnell, Hartnell, castle, parcel, tarsal, chancel, Basel, marshal, Marshall, martial, Martial, partial, * ensemble, example, debacle, monarchal, catarrhal, impartial, court-martial, * sandcastle, Hardcastle, Newcastle, Boscastle, Oldcastle, * metacarpal, matriarchal, patriarchal, metatarsal

I’m the king of the castle,

Get down, you dirty rascal.

CHILDREN’S RHYME

4.20 garbled, marbled, sampled, startled, Arnold, marshalled, * court-martialled, * unexampled, etc.

4.21 marbles, Sharples, samples, castles, parcels, etc.

4.22 Markham, stardom, datum, stratum, Harlem, slalom, Arnhem, Barnum, Farnham, * substratum, erratum, postpartum, alarum, * superstardom, superstratum, candelabrum, * desideratum, * park ’em, guard ’em, etc.

4.23 Larkin, parkin, sharkskin, calfskin, bargain, marten, martin, Martin, Marvin, marlin, Stalin, Darwen, Darwin, Tarquin, Brahmin, margin, * Gagarin, * markin’, starrin’, etc.

4.24 carbon, sharpen, Aachen, darken, hearken, kraken, argon, jargon, Arden, Baden, garden, harden, lardon, pardon, Marsden, Aten, Barton, carton, hearten, smarten, Spartan, tartan, Parton, Grafton, Carlton, Charlton, Marston, Charleston, carven, Javan, Marlon, Amen, barman, Brahman, Carmen, Jarman, Rahman, Scarman, marksman, craftsman, draughtsman, guardsman, arson, Carson, fasten, parson, sarsen, Clarkson, Tarzan, Martian, harshen, stanchion, Farjeon, * Petrarchan, Dumbarton, dishearten, Caernarfon, Carmarthen, Macfarlane, Saharan, Sumatran, unfasten, infarction, * Volkswagen, * hydrocarbon, Interlaken, Copenhagen, Covent Garden, Coloradan, Akhenaten, kindergarten, Sydney Carton, Dolly Parton, Aldermaston, Wilhelmshaven, Guatemalan, Tutankhamen

The kiss of the sun for pardon,

The song of the birds for mirth,

One is nearer God’s heart in a garden

Than anywhere else on earth.

DOROTHY FRANCES GURNEY

4.25 sharpened, darkened, hardened, pardoned, garland, Garland, parkland, Cartland, marshland, almond, fastened, * disheartened, unfastened, etc.

4.26 bargains, martins, Darwin’s, margins, * Doc Martens®, etc.

4.27 ardent, guardant, garment, parchment, argent, sergeant, Sargent, * retardant, disbarment, escarpment, bombardment, commandment, apartment, compartment, department, enchantment, advancement, enhancement, enlargement, * disenchantment, overgarment, undergarment, self-advancement

4.28 parlance, garments, sergeants, * commandments, apartments, compartments, departments, * overgarments, undergarments, etc.

4.29 carping, harping, grasping, rasping, barking, Barking, larking, marking, parking, asking, basking, masking, guarding, Harding, darting, farting, karting, parting, smarting, starting, drafting, grafting, shafting, chanting, planting, blasting, casting, fasting, lasting, laughing, staffing, calving, carving, starving, farthing, Carling, darling, Darling, marling, snarling, starling, marbling, sampling, darkling, sparkling, starveling, barring, marring, scarring, sparring, starring, arming, calming, charming, farming, harming, darning, classing, passing, parsing, dancing, glancing, lancing, prancing, arching, marching, parching, starching, branching, ranching, barging, charging, * embarking, unmasking, discarding, regarding, bombarding, commanding, demanding, departing, transplanting, enchanting, contrasting, alarming, embalming, disarming, surpassing, advancing, entrancing, recharging, enlarging, discharging, * skylarking, safeguarding, broadcasting, woodcarving, co-starring, bypassing, * multitasking, undemanding, everlasting, photographing, penny-farthing, overarching, overcharging, etc.

4.30 markings, castings, carvings, farthings, starlings, heartstrings, etc.

4.31 Sardis, Tardis, Jarvis, parvis, marquess, marquis, Frances, Francis, * quo vadis, Polaris, catharsis, * aurora borealis

4.32 carpus, carcass, Marcus, Argus, Cardus, stratus, braless, Carlos, parlous, starless, artless, chartless, heartless, charmless, harmless, classless, grassless, slanderous, harness, sharpness, darkness, Harkness, starkness, hardness, smartness, tartness, fastness, vastness, calmness, harshness, tarsus, Tarsus, * Hipparchus, regardless, enchantress, disastrous, * steadfastness, * metacarpus, streptocarpus, Aristarchus, apparatus, altostratus, nimbostratus, cirrostratus, Nostradamus, gaudeamus, metatarsus, * posse comitatus, * coitus reservatus, * mark us, harm us, etc.

4.33 harpist, artist, Chartist, harvest, tsarist, palmist, psalmist, classist, Marxist, * guitarist, alarmist

4.34 sharpest, darkest, starkest, hardest, darnedest, smartest, daftest, fastest, farthest, calmest, harnessed, sparsest, harshest, etc.

4.35 sharpish, smartish, garfish, starfish, garnish, tarnish, varnish, * schoolmarmish

4.36 garnished, tarnished, varnished, * untarnished, unvarnished

4.37 Tarbert, Charlotte, harlot, Margaret, marmot, * incarnate, * reincarnate

4.38 carpet, armpit, market, basket, casket, target, Parfitt, scarlet, starlet, starlit, varlet, Bartlett, martlet, tartlet, halfwit, Barnet, garnet, Garnett, lancet, Lancet, * upmarket, Alf Garnett, downmarket, * Haymarket, Newmarket, breadbasket, * hypermarket, Common Market, supermarket, * park it, start it, etc.

An ape’s an ape, a varlet’s a varlet,

Though they be clad in silk or scarlet.

SAYING

4.39 Yarmouth, Dartmouth, * Great Yarmouth

4.40 darbies, harpies, parties, Smarties®, Barclays, armies, Nazis, * Pilates, Benares, * primus inter pares, etc.

4.41 barbers, Flanders, garters, rafters, casters, masters, Masters, Mahler’s, Chalmers, farmers, classes, glasses, passes, answers, chances, glances, marshes, arches, archers, Archers, marches, Marches, branches, * Bahamas, pyjamas, sultanas, * forefathers, eyeglasses, sunglasses, * Alexander’s, etc.

Men seldom make passes

At girls who wear glasses.

DOROTHY PARKER

4.42 Barnaby, Carnaby, Carnegie, Arcady, bastardy, Flaherty, Tarporley, rascally, masterly, artfully, fatherly, partially, laughably, ardently, guardedly, artlessly, heartlessly, Barbary, raspberry, Shaftesbury, artery, Tartary, mastery, carvery, chandlery, armoury, chancery, archery, Marjorie, harmony, argosy, pharmacy, garlicky, suavity, sparsity, varsity, heartily, craftily, nastily, farcically, markedly, startlingly, charmingly, marquetry, parquetry, basketry, carpentry, artistry, palmistry, larceny, * grandfatherly, impartially, remarkably, half-heartedly, light-heartedly, wholeheartedly, disastrously, self-mastery, gendarmerie, chinoiserie, disharmony, foolhardily, lethargically, alarmingly, disarmingly, * camaraderie, Devanagari, intervarsity, etc.

4.43 Hanukkah, yarmulke, chancellor, Barbara, Scarborough, yarborough, Marlborough, Farnborough, slanderer, barterer, charterer, plasterer, armourer, Marmara, sharpener, bargainer, gardener, Gardiner, hardener, pardoner, almoner, fastener, Hertfordshire, armature, arbiter, Pargiter, carpenter, harvester, harnesser, Derbyshire, varnisher, harbinger, arguer, * Antarctica

4.44 clarkia, hardier, Nadia, heartier, craftier, draughtier, nastier, Parthia, aria, maria, barmier, Chania, Narnia, classier, Marcia, tarsier, chancier, starchier, * La Guardia, gaillardia, Somalia, Titania, intarsia, bilharzia, Abkhazia, * tachycardia, pericardia, Yugoslavia, passacaglia, Christiania, Kristiania, Oceania, Anastasia, etc.

4.45 Castleford, afterward, carpeted, marketed, targeted, harvested, * uncarpeted

4.46 Castleford’s, afterwards

4.47 laughable, farmable, passable, chargeable, Barnstaple, barnacle, masterful, pastoral, arsenal, Arsenal, article, particle, farcical, Parsifal, carnival, cardinal, marginal, * remarkable, impassable, rechargeable, anarchical, hierarchical, * unremarkable, unsurpassable, pericardial, myocardial

4.48 barnacled, Archibald, articled

4.49 martyrdom, marjoram, cardamom, * pericardium, myocardium, * started ’em, answer ’em, etc.

4.50 Harpenden, charlatan, Palmerston, Parthenon, Farquharson, Sanderson, guardian, Graafian, Barthian, Parthian, Charmian, Marmion, Marylebone, barbican, Barbican, cardigan, Cardigan, ptarmigan, Arlington, Darlington, harvestman, partisan, Parkinson, * Mozartian, Falstaffian, Hogarthian, Somalian, Zimbabwean

4.51 parliament, armament, argument, rearmament, disarmament

4.52 harbouring, scarpering, bartering, answering, sharpening, darkening, gardening, hardening, heartening, fastening, carpeting, marketing, garnishing, varnishing, * telemarketing, etc.

4.53 Barnabas, Spartacus, marvellous, fatherless, partnerless, barbarous, slanderous, Tartarus, artfulness, artlessness, heartlessness, arquebus, Artemas, hardiness, tardiness, heartiness, craftiness, nastiness, arduous, * kind-heartedness, light-heartedness, foolhardiness, etc.

4.54 arsonist, pharmacist, Dadaist, Stalinist, Darwinist, narcissist, * Neo-Darwinist

4.55 hardiest, heartiest, craftiest, draughtiest, nastiest, barmiest, classiest, chanciest, starchiest, etc.

4.56 marginally, arguably, chancellery, arbitrary, parsimony

4.57 answerable, pardonable, marketable, arguable, * unanswerable, unpardonable, unmarketable, unarguable

-air-

The rhymes in this section have the ‘air’ sound of hair and barely as their main or final vowel sound.

5.1 air, Ayr, bare, bear, Blair, blare, br’er, care, chair, Cher, Claire, Clare, dare, e’er, ere, Eyre, fair, fare, fayre, flair, flare, glair, glare, hair, hare, heir, Herr, Khmer, lair, mare, mayor, ne’er, pair, pare, pear, père, prayer, quare, rare, scare, share, snare, spare, square, stair, stare, swear, tare, tear, their, there, they’re, ware, wear, where, yeah, * compare, Astaire, affair, unfair, aware, unswear, meunière, Daguerre, Basse-Terre, Sancerre, parterre, éclair, Jane Eyre, elsewhere, whene’er, where’er, Pierre, prepare, repair, impair, despair, midair, Kildare, Hilaire, declare, Sinclair, beware, ensnare, misère, Niger, Voltaire, forbear, forswear, howe’er, coheir, au pair, go spare, O’Hare, Lothair, * ampere, fanfare, flatware, Rambert, hardware, glassware, armchair, haircare, air fare, shareware, daycare, Mayfair, threadbare, hectare, welfare, neckwear, headsquare, set square, menswear, deckchair, Edgware, workfare, workwear, fieldfare, freeware, wheelchair, skincare, slipware, knitwear, swimwear, tinware, childcare, nightwear, nightmare, timeshare, highchair, compère, confrère, software, forebear, warfare, horsehair, foursquare, sportswear, corsair, ploughshare, Flaubert, mohair, nowhere, stoneware, Robespierre, bugbear, funfair, somewhere, footwear, pushchair, groupware, Gruyère, * Camembert, Aberdare, camel hair, cafetiere, savoir-faire, aftercare, jardinière, wear and tear, fair and square, maidenhair, tableware, pied-à-terre, Fred Astaire, Delaware, de la Mare, debonair, questionnaire, laissez faire, derrière, premiere, teddy bear, Medicare, secretaire, everywhere, anywhere, Burke and Hare, earthenware, legionnaire, silverware, kitchenware, billionaire, millionaire, trillionaire, rivière, disrepair, Finisterre, chinaware, ironware, nom de guerre, Molière, solitaire, doctrinaire, commissaire, rocking chair, hollowware, corsetière, overbear, polar bear, Baudelaire, open-air, au contraire, thoroughfare, Tupperware®, underwear, unaware, ovenware, * chemin de fer, concessionaire, the worse for wear, commissionaire, Apollinaire, couturière, * chargé d’affaires, devil-may-care, Folies-Bergère, Vanity Fair, surface-to-air, ready-to-wear, * multimillionaire, Weston-super-Mare, son et lumière

What is this life if, full of care,

We have no time to stand and stare.

W. H. DAVIES

5.2 aired, Baird, bared, cared, dared, fared, flared, glared, laird, paired, pared, scared, shared, snared, squared, stared, * compared, prepared, repaired, impaired, despaired, declared, ensnared, * dark-haired, fair-haired, grey-haired, red-haired, long-haired, short-haired, * unprepared, unrepaired, unimpaired, undeclared

5.3 auberge, * concierge

5.4 bairn, cairn, Nairn, * Auvergne, * Fairbairn, Pitcairn

5.5 airs, Ayers, bears, cares, chairs, Claire’s, dares, flares, hairs, pairs, pears, prayers, spares, stairs, theirs, wares, * compares, upstairs, affairs, backstairs, repairs, downstairs, * Carstairs, hectares, deckchairs, nightmares, * legionnaire’s, unawares, etc.

Hush! Hush! Whisper who dares!

Christopher Robin is saying his prayers.

A. A. MILNE

6.1 Verdi, barely, Fairlie, fairly, rarely, sparely, squarely, scarcely, airy, Carey, chary, Clary, dairy, fairy, hairy, lairy, Mary, nary, prairie, scary, vary, wary, Airdrie, carefree, * unfairly, contrary, unwary, canary, * Monteverdi, cassowary, Salieri, Alighieri, airy-fairy, Tipperary, Inveraray, Miserere, Nyerere, condottiere, * carabiniere, arrivederci, * Dante Alighieri, etc.

6.2 airer, bearer, carer, Clara, Eire, fairer, parer, rarer, Sarah, scarer, sharer, starer, swearer, tearer, wearer, Ayrshire, * caldera, Sierra, preparer, repairer, declarer, * macebearer, talebearer, wayfarer, seafarer, swordbearer, pallbearer, torchbearer, cupbearer, * de Valera, demerara, Riviera, cordillera, * dare her, scare her, etc.

6.3 varied, * unvaried

6.4 careful, prayerful, mayoral

6.5 arum, Fareham, harem, Sarum, Wareham, heirdom, * harum-scarum, * wear ’em, shared ’em, etc.

6.6 hairpin, bearskin, Erin, * carin’, wearin’, etc.

6.7 Ayrton, Aaron, Charon, airman, chairman

6.8 parent, * transparent, impairment, ensnarement, * grandparent, step-parent, godparent

6.9 parents, * transparence, impairments, forbearance, * grandparents, step-parents, godparents

6.10 airing, baring, bearing, blaring, caring, daring, fairing, glaring, pairing, paring, raring, sharing, sparing, staring, swearing, tearing, Waring, wearing, * comparing, unsparing, hard-wearing, preparing, repairing, despairing, forbearing, ball bearing, * cheeseparing, seafaring, childbearing, time-sharing, * overbearing, etc.

Like whatever they say has no bearing,

It’s so scary in a house that allows no swearing

To see him walking around with his headphones blaring.

EMINEM

6.11 airless, careless, hairless, bareness, fairness, * Carreras, unfairness, awareness, * self-awareness, * scare us, prepare us, etc.

6.12 bearish, fairish, garish, squarish, * nightmarish

6.13 rarebit, bear pit, * swear it, tear it, etc.

6.14 Aries, dairies, fairies, prairies, varies, * Canaries, etc.

6.15 carefully, carelessly, rarity, scarcity, airily, warily, daringly, glaringly, sparingly, garishly, * unbearably, transparency, overbearingly, etc.

6.16 airier, area, hairier, scarier, warier, * Bulgaria, Bavaria, malaria, aquaria, Samaria, herbaria, filaria, solaria, * Carpentaria, Berengaria, cineraria, Gran Canaria, oceanaria, urticaria, planetaria, araucaria, * calceolaria, etc.

6.17 bearable, tearable, wearable, aerial, Ariel, * unbearable, unwearable, repairable, malarial, bursarial, filarial, * unrepairable, adversarial, secretarial, actuarial, estuarial, * antimalarial

6.18 barium, * aquarium, samarium, herbarium, vivarium, solarium, rosarium, sudarium, * honorarium, oceanarium, planetarium, sanitarium, dolphinarium

6.19 Arian, Arien, Aryan, Darien, dairyman, * Bulgarian, vulgarian, Hungarian, Bavarian, valerian, Valerian, agrarian, Aquarian, grammarian, barbarian, sectarian, Caesarean, Nigerien, riparian, librarian, Voltairean, Ontarian, Rotarian, ovarian, fruitarian, Sumerian, * Sabbatarian, libertarian, Rastafarian, prelapsarian, nonsectarian, Sagittarian, vegetarian, Trinitarian, proletarian, Unitarian, antiquarian, centenarian, seminarian, millenarian, Gibraltarian, * infralapsarian, supralapsarian, parliamentarian, abecedarian, egalitarian, totalitarian, humanitarian, utilitarian, authoritarian, veterinarian, sexagenarian, octogenarian, nonagenarian, premillenarian, disciplinarian, * establishmentarian, * latitudinarian, valetudinarian, septuagenarian

6.20 variant, * invariant

6.21 parenting, dairying, varying, * unvarying, etc.

6.22 parentless, carefulness, carelessness, Arius, carious, Darius, Marius, various, airiness, chariness, wariness, * Aquarius, calcareous, burglarious, precarious, vicarious, gregarious, nefarious, hilarious, denarius, * Sagittarius, multifarious, Stradivarius, etc.

6.23 secretariat, proletariat, commissariat

6.24 variable, * invariable