Читать книгу: «Memoirs of the Duchesse De Dino (Afterwards Duchesse de Talleyrand et de Sagan), 1841-1850», страница 26

MELZI, Duke Ludovico (1820-1886). A rich lord of Milan, he married as his first wife a daughter of the Marquis de Brignole Sale. In 1869 he was left a widower, and in 1876 married his cousin, the Countess Josephine Melzi, née Barbo, herself the widow of the Count Jacques Melzi, who had died a year previously.

MELZI, the Duchess. Died in 1869 at Geneva. Louise de Brignole Sale had married in 1842 Duke Melzi.

MERAN, the Count of (1839-1892). Son of the morganatic marriage of the Archduke John with the Countess of Meran.

METTERNICH, Prince Clement* (1773-1859). Austrian statesman.

METTERNICH, Princess Melanie of (1805-1854). Third wife of Prince Metternich and daughter of Count Francis Zichy Ferraris.

MEULAN, Madame de. Wife of a superintendent of Taxes to the Paris Corporation and mother of the first Madame Guizot.

MEYENDORFF, Baron Peter of (1792-1863). Russian diplomatist and for a long time Minister Plenipotentiary at Berlin, and afterwards at Vienna; at a later date he was Minister of the Imperial Domains and Appanages at St. Petersburg and Member of the Council of the Empire.

MEYENDORFF, the Baroness of. Born in 1800. Wilhelmina Sophia of Buol Schönstein, married in 1830 the Baron of Meyendorff. She was an exceedingly clever woman of very independent character.

MIGNET, François Auguste Marie* (1796-1884). French historian and member of the Academy.

MITFORD, John (1781-1859). English writer and scholar, who published several learned works and some poems.

MODENA, Duke Francis V. of (1819-1875). Archduke of Austria Este, he married in 1842 the Duchess Aldegonde of Bavaria, and succeeded his father in 1846. His duchy was added to the estates of the King of Sardinia in 1860.

MOLAY, Jacques de. Last Grand Master of the Order of Templars; he entered this Order in 1265. He was arrested and condemned upon unjust charges which Philip IV., the Fair, levelled at his Order, the riches of which he coveted. Molay was burnt alive in 1314.

MOLÉ, Guillaume, died in 1459. He was a squire who, acting in conjunction with his brother-in-law, Jean l'Esguisé, drove the English from Troyes under Charles VII.

MOLÉ, Mathieu (1584-1656). A Councillor in the Paris Parliament, afterwards chief Financial Minister and first President; during the disturbances of the Fronde he attempted to reconcile the parties and always showed much firmness and dignity. He was appointed Guardian of the Seals in 1650.

MOLÉ, the Comte Mathieu* (1781-1855). Peer of France and member of the Academy. Politician under the Empire and the July monarchy.

MOLLIEN, the Comte Francois (1758-1850). Financier and Peer of France.

MOLLIEN, the Comtesse* (1785-1878). Lady-in-Waiting to Queen Marie Amélie.

MOLYNEUX, Hon. Francis George (1805-1886). Third son of William Philip, Lord Sefton; he was Secretary to the English Embassy at the Germanic Confederation. He married, in 1842, Lady Georgina Ashburnham, whose marriage with H. R. Mitford had been dissolved, and who died in 1882.

MONCEY, Marshal Adrien, Duc de Conegliano (1754-1842). Son of a lawyer in the Parliament of the Franche Comté, he enlisted at the age of fifteen, and took part in almost all the campaigns under the Republic and the Empire. In 1814 he defended Paris heroically, and was appointed Governor of the Invalides in 1834.

MONTALEMBERT, the Comte Charles de** (1810-1870). French publicist and politician and one of the most brilliant defenders of liberal Catholicism.

MONTCALM, Paul de Saint Veran, Marquis de (1756-1812). As a naval officer he took part in the War of Independence in America, and became a Member of the States-General in 1789. In 1790 he went into exile in Spain, and afterwards went to Piedmont, where he died.

MONTEBELLO, Napoleon Auguste Lannes, Duc de (1801-1874). Son of the Marshal Lannes and Peer of France. He followed a diplomatic career.

MONTEMOLIN, Carlos Luis Maria Fernando de Bourbon, Count of (1818-1861). Infanta of Spain; a Son of Don Carlos, who abdicated his rights in his favour in 1844. He made several attempts to recover his rights, but unsuccessfully.

MONTESQUIOU-FEZENSAC, the Abbé François Xavier de (1767-1832). Agent-General for the clergy in 1785, Deputy in the States-General in 1789, and President of the Constituent Assembly in 1790. After the ninth of Thermidor he was one of the many agents appointed by Louis XVIII. to defend his cause in France. The First Consul sent him into exile therefore to Mantua. In 1814 he was a Member of the Provisional Government, and on May 13 was appointed Minister of the Interior; under the second Restoration he remained a Minister of State and was made a Peer of France.

MONTJOYE, the Comtesse de. Died in 1848. Sister of the Marquis de Dolomieu; appointed Lady-of-Honour to Madame Adélaïde, sister of Louis Philippe, she never left this Princess from the time of her youth. She died in England, where she had accompanied the Royal Family into exile.

MONTMORENCY, the Duchesse de* (1774-1846). Mother of Raoul de Montmorency, of the Princesse de Bauffremont, and of the Duchesse de Valençay.

MONTMORENCY, Baron Raoul de* (1790-1862). Became Duc on his father's death.

MONTMORENCY, the Baronne de (1787-1858). Née Euphémie de Harchies: she married, as her first husband, Comte Thibaut de Montmorency, and as her second Baron Raoul de Montmorency.

MONTMORENCY, the Duchesse Mathieu de (1774-1858). Née Hortense de Chevreuse Luynes.

MONTPENSIER, Antoine d'Orléans, Duc de (1824-1890). Youngest son of King Louis Philippe; he married in 1846 the Infanta Louise of Spain, sister of Queen Isabella II.

MONTROND, the Comte de* (1757-1843). A friend of M. de Talleyrand.

MORNAY, the Comte de* (1803-1878). Peer of France and Ambassador.

MORPETH, George William Frederick, Earl of Carlisle* (1802-1864). Secretary of State for Ireland from 1835-1841, Commissioner of Woods and Forests from 1846-1850, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1850-1852, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland from 1855-1858 and from 1859 to 1864; he was one of the most popular Governors that Ireland ever had, but ill-health forced him to resign and he died shortly afterwards. He was never married, and his title passed to his brother William George, who became the eighth Earl of Carlisle.

MOSKOWA, the Prince de la* (1803-1857). Eldest son of Marshal Ney.

MOUNIER, the Baron** (1784-1843). Financier and Peer of France.

MUÑOZ, Fernando** (1810-1873). Born of an obscure family, he secured the favour of Queen Maria Christina, who contracted a morganatic marriage with him three months after the death of Ferdinand VII. He never showed any personal ambition, aspired to be nothing more than the Queen's husband, and merely accepted the title of Duke of Rianzares.

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NAPIER, Sir Charles (1786-1860). Admiral Napier distinguished himself in 1810 by several feats of arms; in 1833 he did good service to the cause of Doña Maria, Queen of Portugal, by defeating Dom Miguel. In the expedition against Syria he supported the Turkish forces, and signed the treaty enforced by England upon Mehemet Ali.

NARBONNE, the Comtesse Louis de. Née Marie Adélaïde Montholon, she had married Lieutenant-General the Comte de Narbonne, youngest son of the Comte Jean François de Narbonne Lara.

NASSAU, the Duchess Pauline of (1810-1856). Daughter of Prince Paul of Würtemberg. She married Duke William of Nassau, whose widow she became in 1839.

NASSAU, Duke Adolphus of. Born in 1817. His first wife, whom he married in 1844, was the Grand Duchess Elizabeth of Russia. In 1851 he married the Princess Adelaide of Anhalt-Dessau.

NEALE, Countess Pauline** (1779-1869). Lady-of-Honour to Princess Louise of Prussia and wife of Prince Antoine Radziwill.

NEIPPERG, Countess Marie of (1816-1890). Daughter of King William I. of Würtemberg. She married in 184 °Count Alfred of Neipperg, formerly the husband of the Countess of Grisoni. He was born in 1807, and was the eldest son of Count Albert of Neipperg, chamberlain of the Archduchess Marie Louise, the Duchess of Parma, by his first marriage with Countess Theresa Pola, by whom he had had five children, and who had procured a divorce from Count Trento in order to marry him.

NEMOURS, Louis Charles d'Orléans, Duc de* (1814-1896). Second son of Louis Philippe.

NEMOURS, the Duchesse de (1822-1852). Victoire, daughter of Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. She married the Duc de Nemours in 1840.

NESSELRODE, Count* (1780-1862). Russian diplomatist and afterwards Chancellor of the Empire.

NESSELRODE, Countess.* Died in 1849. Née Gourieff.

NEUMANN, Baron. Austrian diplomatist and several times Ambassador. In England he married a daughter of the Duke of Beaufort, by name Charlotte.

NEUWIED, Prince William of (1814-1864). Major-General in the Prussian service.

NEUWIED, the Princess of. Born in 1825. Princess Marie of Nassau married in 1842 Prince William of Neuwied.

NEY, Marshal* (1769-1815). Known to Napoleon as "the bravest of the brave."

NEY, wife of the foregoing, Duchesse d'Elchingen, Princess de la Moskowa. Née Aglae Auguié, her mother, Madame Auguié, had been chambermaid to Queen Marie Antoinette. She married General Ney in 1802.

NEY, Edgard (1812-1822). Prince de la Moskowa, orderly officer to Napoleon III., who gave him a commission to the Papal Government. He took part in the Italian War of 1859.

NOAILLES, Viscomtesse Alfred de* (1792-1851). Daughter of the marriage of Charles de Noailles, Duc de Mouchy, with Mlle. Nathalie de Laborde. She married her cousin, the Vicomte de Noailles, who died at the age of twenty-six at the Bérésina.

NOAILLES, the Duc Paul de* (1802-1885). Peer of France and member of the Academy.

NOAILLES, the Duchesse de (1800-1887). Née Alicia de Mortemart.

NODIER, Charles (1780-1844). Man of letters and collector of books; member of the Academy from 1834.

NORMANBY, Constantine Henry, Marquis of (1797-1863). English politician who belonged to the Whig party and was Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland for several years. In 1846 he became Ambassador at Paris and held that post till 1854, when he was transferred to Florence; there he became very unpopular by reason of his Austrian leanings, and was recalled in 1858. He became a Member of the House of Lords in 1831 on the death of his father, Lord Mulgrave, whose title he bore till 1838, when Queen Victoria made him a Marquis. He married in 1818 the Hon. Maria Liddell, daughter of Lord Ravensworth, who died in 1882. By her he had an only son, who succeeded to his titles.

NOSTITZ, Count Augustus of (1777-1866). Prussian infantry General.

NOSTITZ, Countess Clara of, died in 1858. A daughter of Prince Hatzfeldt-Trachenberg, she married in 1809 Count Augustus of Nostitz.

NOTHOMB, Baron J. B. de (1805-1881). At first a lawyer, he strove, by writing in support of Belgian independence, to bring about the Revolution of 1830, and was appointed a deputy at the National Congress under Leopold I. He was several times Minister and afterwards diplomatist to the Berlin Court for many years.

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OBERKAMPF, Christophe Philippe (1738-1815). The famous manufacturer, the first to introduce the manufacture of oilcloth into France. Louis XVI. made him a noble and Napoleon gave him the Cross of the Legion of Honour. He founded the factory of Jouy-en-Josas and started at Essonnes the first French cotton-spinning mill.

O'DONNELL, Count Maurice, General (1780-1843). An Austrian Field-Marshal; he married Mlle. de Ligne.

OLDENBURG, the Grand Duke Augustus of (1783-1853). Succeeded his father in 1829.

OLFERS, Franz Werner (1793-1871). Born in Westphalia, he studied medicine at Göttingen and then entered a diplomatic career. In 1839 the King of Prussia appointed him General Director of the Berlin Museums. He resigned in 1869.

OLOZAGA, Don Salluste (1803-1873). Spanish statesman. He began life as a lawyer and was implicated as a member of a secret society in a conspiracy against Ferdinand VII.; he was imprisoned and escaped, and after the King's death he was appointed Deputy to the Cortes. As he was a rival of Espartero, the latter had no sooner obtained the power than he sent him to Paris as Ambassador in 1840. In 1843 Queen Isabella, on attaining her majority, commissioned Olozaga to form the Cabinet; then Court intrigues overthrew him, and forced him to flee to Portugal and afterwards to England. He did not return to Spain until 1848. In 1854 he was again appointed Ambassador at Paris. He died at Enghien.

ORÏE, Dr.** Died in 1846. He practised at Bourgueil, in Touraine.

ORLÉANS, Gaston d' (1608-1660). Brother of Louis XIII. This Prince, known as Monsieur, spent his life in intrigues and revolts against Richelieu and Mazarin. He first married the Duchesse de Montpensier, who died in 1627; in 1632 he contracted a secret marriage with Marguerite of Lorraine, and was forced to suffer many humiliations to secure recognition of this union. On the death of Louis XIII. he was appointed Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom.

ORLÉANS, the Duc d'* (1810-1842). Eldest son of King Louis Philippe.

ORLÉANS, the Duchesse d' (1814-1858). Née Princess Helena of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. She married in 1837 the Duc d'Orléans, eldest son of King Louis Philippe, whose widow she became in 1842. Her children were the Comte de Paris and the Comte de Chartres.

ORSAY, Lady Harriet d' (1812-1869); only daughter and heiress of Charles John Gardiner, Lord Blessington. She married Comte Alfred d'Orsay* in 1827. In 1852 she was left a widow, and married in the same year the Hon. Charles Spencer Cowper (1816-1879), third son of the marriage of Lord Cowper with Amelia, daughter of the first Lord Melbourne who afterwards married Lord Palmerston.

OULTREMONT ET DE VERGIMOND, the Comtesse Flore d'. Born in 1792. Morganatic wife of King William I. of the Low Countries.

OUTREMONT DE MINIÈRES, General d'. Died at Tours in 1858. He married in 1819 Marie Albertine de la Ribellerie, widow of Baron Marchand.

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PAGANINI, Niccolo (1784-1840). Celebrated Italian violinist.

PAGEOT, Alphonse. French diplomatist who began his career in 1819. In 1831 he became First Secretary to the United States. He was envoy to Madrid in 1840 and to Washington in 1842. He resigned in 1848.

PAHLEN, Count Peter.* Born in 1775. Russian General and diplomatist.

PALFFY OF ERDOED, Count Aloys (1801-1876). Chamberlain and Privy Councillor in the Austrian Service and Governor of Venice until 1848. He married in 1831 Princess Sophia Jablonocka.

PALMERSTON, Lord Henry John* (1784-1865). English statesman and on several occasions Minister of Foreign Affairs.

PALMERSTON, Lady* (1787-1869). Amelia, daughter of Peniston, first Viscount of Melbourne. She married in 1805 Lord Cowper (1778-1837), by whom she had five children, and married in 1839 Lord Palmerston.

PANIS, the Comte de. Landowner of Borelli near Marseilles, he married in 1841 Mlle. de Vandermarcq, daughter of the stockbroker.

PARIS, the Comte de** (1838-1894). Eldest son of the Duc d'Orléans, representative of the French Royal Family after the death of the Comte de Chambord.

PASKEWITCH, Ivan Fedorovitch (1782-1856). Russian General who defeated the Persians in 1826 and 1827; in 1828 he conducted the campaign against Turkey and forced the Porte to sign the treaty of Adrianople in 1829, and was rewarded by the rank of Field-Marshal. He suppressed the Polish Insurrection in 1831, was appointed Prince of Warsaw and Governor-General of Poland. He took part in the subjugation of Hungary in 1849 and in the Turkish War in 1853.

PASQUIER, the Duc.* Peer of France and Lord Chancellor.

PASSY, Hippolyte. French politician who took the place of the Prince de Talleyrand in the Academy of Moral and Physical Science.

PASTORET, the Marquis de (1756-1840). An exile during the Revolution, he did not return to France until 1795. He was deputy in the Council of the Five Hundred, was proscribed as a Royalist and took refuge in Switzerland. On the Restoration he was raised to the Peerage and entered the Academy in 1820. Louis XVIII. made him guardian of the children of the Duc de Berry in 1821, and Charles X. gave him the rank of Minister of State in 1826; made him Vice-Chancellor in 1828 and Chancellor in 1829. After 1830 he retired to private life.

PEEL, Sir Robert* (1788-1850). One of the most distinguished of English orators and statesmen. He married in 1820 Julia, the youngest daughter of General Sir John Lloyd, by whom he had seven children.

PEEL, the Right Hon. William Yates (1789-1858). Brother of Sir Robert Peel, Member of Parliament and of the Privy Council. In 1819 he married Jane Elizabeth, second daughter of Lord Mountcastle who died in 1847. She had eleven children, of whom four were boys.

PELLICO, Silvio (1788-1854). Italian poet and man of letters who, in conjunction with Manzoni, Sismondi, Romagnosi, Gioja, founded a Liberal newspaper, Il conciliatore, which became an object of suspicion to Austria who suppressed it in 1820. He was condemned to death in 1822, but his penalty was commuted to fifteen years' imprisonment in the Spilberg; in the course of the ninth year he was pardoned and went to Piedmont where he afterwards lived in retirement. The story of his captivity "My Prisons," which he published in 1833, became popular in Europe.

PERIER, Auguste Casimir (1811-1877). Eldest son of the celebrated Minister of Louis Philippe. He first pursued a diplomatic career and abandoned it in 1846 to enter the Chamber of Deputies. He retired on the coup d'état of 1852, of which he disapproved. In 1871 he was elected to the National Assembly and gained a high reputation for his knowledge of financial matters. He became Minister of the Interior under the Presidency of M. Thiers.

PÉRIGORD, the Duc Charles de (1788-1879). A noble of Spain of the first class. He married in 1807 Marie Nicolette, daughter of Comte César de Choiseul Praslin who died in 1866 at the age of seventy-seven.

PÉRIGORD, Boson de.** Born in 1832, he afterwards became Prince de Sagan and was the eldest son of the Duc de Valençay.

PERPONCHER, the Comtesse Adélaide de.** Née Comtesse de Reede and wife of the Minister of the Low Countries at Berlin.

PERSIGNY, Fialin de (1808-1872). A great friend of Louis Bonaparte, he took part in the disturbances at Strasburg and ardently supported the cause of Napoleon in the Assembly after the Revolution of 1848. Napoleon III. made him Count, afterwards Duke and Senator. He was twice Ambassador at London and twice Minister of the Interior.

PETETOT, the Abbé Louis Pierre** (1801-1887). General Superior of the Oratory. At Paris he had previously held the incumbency of Saint Louis d'Antin and of Saint Roch.

PEYRONNET, Pierre Charles, Comte de** (1778-1854). Minister of Charles X. He signed the Ordinances.

PIUS VII., Pope** (1742-1823). He signed the Concordat with France.

PIUS IX., Count Mastai Feretti, Pope (1792-1878). He held the Papacy for thirty-six years, and saw the loss of the Pope's temporal power, after a tenure of office greatly disturbed by political events.

PODENAS, the Marquise Adélaïde de. Born in 1785. Daughter of the Marquis de Nadaillac; she married in 1813 the Marquis de Podenas, Prince of Rome. Her mother had married as her second husband in 1816 the Baron, afterwards the Duc des Cars.

POECHLIN, Frederick Christian, Baron of (1809-1863). First Secretary to the Danish Legation at Frankfort and afterwards Minister to the Germanic Diet; he was appointed Minister to the Duchy of Lauenburg from 1852-1856. He was a Privy Councillor and had married in 1826 the Countess Adelaide of Eyben.

POIX, the Duc de. Juste de Noailles. Born in 1777. He had been Chamberlain to Napoleon I. and had married Mlle. Mélanie de Périgord.

POIX, the Duchesse de* (1785-1862). Née Mélanie de Périgord. She had married in 1809 the Comte Juste de Noailles, Duc de Poix, who was Chamberlain to the Emperor Napoleon I.

POLIGNAC, Prince Jules** (1780-1847). Minister of Charles X.

PONCEAU, the Vicomte Adolphe du (1803-1878). A native of Anjou, he sold the estate which he held at Viniève and settled at Benais in Touraine with M. de Messine, his father-in-law. His sister married as her first husband the Comte de Contades, afterwards Duc de Luynes.

PONCEAU, the Vicomtesse de (1821). Née Marie Agathe Collet de Messine, she died in 1886.

PONSARD, Francis (1814-1867). Dramatic poet; appointed member of the French Academy in 1855.

PONSONBY, Lord* (1770-1855). English diplomatist.

POURTALÈS, the Comte Louis de (1773-1848). President of the Council of State at Neuchâtel, he protested in 1823 against the conjunction of the principality with the Swiss Confederation, and in 1832 he induced the Council to sign an address, asking the King of Prussia to break the connection between the Principality and Switzerland; as this attempt proved a failure, he retired into private life.

POZZO DI BORGO, Count* (1764-1842). Russian diplomatist.

POZZO DI BORGO, Count Charles. Nephew of the foregoing; he served in the French Army until 1830 and then resigned with the rank of Colonel. He married Mlle. Valentine de Crillon, daughter of the Duc de Crillon.

PRASLIN, the Marquis Charles de Choiseul, Duc de** (1805-1847). Son-in-law of Marshal Sébastiani.

PRASLIN, the Duchess de. Died in 1847. Daughter of Marshal Sébastiani.

PRITWITZ, General Charles Ernest of (1790-1871). Aide-de-camp to King Frederick William III. and Lieutenant-General in 1844; Commander of the Berlin troops in 1848 and Chief of the Federal Army in Schleswig in 1849.

PROKESCH-OSTEN, Baron Anton of (1795-1876). Austrian diplomatist. He represented Austria at Berlin from 1849-1852, and at Frankfort until 1857, and afterwards at Constantinople.

PRUSSIA, Prince Augustus of (1778-1843). Youngest son of Prince Ferdinand of Prussia, he was the youngest brother of Frederick the Great, and of his wife the Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt.

PRUSSIA, Prince William of (1783-1851). Brother of King Frederick William III., he married in 1814 a Princess of Hesse-Homburg. He was a cavalry general and Governor at Mayence.

PRUSSIA, Prince Adalbert of (1811-1873). Son of Prince William and of a Princess of Hesse-Homburg.

PRUSSIA, Prince Waldemar of (1817-1849). Second son of Prince William, brother of Frederick William III.

PRUSSIA, Princess Maria of** (1825-1889). Sister of the foregoing and wife of King Maximilian II. of Bavaria.

PRUSSIA, Prince Frederick of (1794-1863). Son of Prince Louis of Prussia,* younger brother of Frederick William III. and of Princess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, sister of Queen Louise. He married a Princess of Anhalt-Bernburg, and was the father of the Princes Alexander and George of Prussia.

PRUSSIA, Queen Elizabeth of (1801-1873). Daughter of King Maximilian of Bavaria and wife of Frederick William IV.

PRUSSIA, the Prince William of** (1797-1888). Second son of Frederick William III.; he became King in 1861 and Emperor of Germany in 1871.

PRUSSIA, the Princess of** (1811-1890). Wife of the foregoing, and afterwards the Empress Augusta.

PRUSSIA, Prince Charles of** (1801-1883). Third son of King Frederick William III.

PRUSSIA, the Princess Charles of** (1808-1877). Daughter of the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar.

PRUSSIA, Prince Albert of** (1809-1872). Fourth son of King Frederick William III.

PRUSSIA, Princess Albert of** (1810-1883). By birth a Princess of the Low Countries.

PRUSSIA, Princess Charlotte of (1831-1855). Daughter of the Prince and Princess Albert. She married in 1850 the Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Meiningen.

PÜCKLER, Prince Hermann** (1795-1871). Traveller and German man of letters. Member of the House of Lords from 1863.

PÜCKLER, Princess Anna** (1776-1854). Née Princess Hardenberg, and was first married to Count Pappenheim.

PUTBUS, Prince William of (1783-1854). Governor-General of Prussian Pomerania and of the island of Rügen; Member of the Council of State and Chamberlain.

PUTBUS, Princess Louise of (1784-1860). By birth Baroness of Lauterbach, she first married in 1803 Count Röttger of Veltheim, whom she divorced in 1806 in order to marry Prince G. of Putbus.

PUTBUS, Count Malte of** (1807-1837). Son of the foregoing. Attaché to the Prussian Legation at Naples.

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QUÉLEN, Mgr. de* (1778-1839). Archbishop of Paris from 1821, and member of the French Academy.

QUINEMONT, the Marquis of. Born in 1808. Formerly a pupil of Saint Cyr and cavalry officer. He resigned in 1830 and entered the diplomatic career; was attached to the French Legation in Tuscany and afterwards in Denmark. In 1863 he was appointed Deputy and afterwards Senator.

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RACHEL, Mlle. Elisa Félix** (1820-1858). Famous French tragedian, her talent contributed to revive tragedy in its full perfection upon the stage.

RADETZ-RADETZKY, Count (1766-1858). Austrian Field-Marshal, who took part in all the wars of his time. When war broke out with Piedmont in 1848 he was at first beaten, but took a glorious revenge in 1849 with the victory of Novara.

RADOWITZ, Joseph von, General (1797-1853). A great friend of Frederick William IV., who largely influenced the King's policy.

RADZIWILL, Prince Anton (1775-1833). Second son of the Count Palatine of Vilna. He studied in Germany and at the age of eighteen married Princess Louise of Prussia, daughter of the youngest brother of Frederick the Great. His marriage obliged him to settle in Berlin. After the Congress of Vienna the King of Prussia appointed him the Royal Representative for the Grand Duchy of Posen. He there resided for ten years and his memory was regarded with great affection.

RADZIWILL, Prince William** (1797-1870). Eldest son of the foregoing and a General in the Prussian service.

RADZIWILL, Princess William** (1806-1896). By birth Countess Mathilde Clary Aldringen.

RAMBUTEAU, the Comte de* (1781-1869). Prefect of the Seine from 1833-1848.

RAMBUTEAU, the Comtesse de. Daughter of the Comte Louis de Narbonne, she had married in 1809 the Comte de Rambuteau.

RANELAGH, Thomas, Viscount (1812-1886). Seventh and last Viscount of Ranelagh. His sister Barbara married Count Rechberg, an Austrian officer.

RAUCH, Christian Daniel** (1777-1857). Famous Prussian sculptor.

RAUCH, Friedrich von (1790-1850). Lieutenant-General in the Prussian Army and aide-de-camp to King Frederick William IV. He was military attaché at the St. Petersburg Court from 1832-1848.

RAUZAN, the Duchesse de. Born in 1820, Claire, daughter of the last Duc de Duras. Married in 1819 the Marquis Louis de Chastellux, who was made Duc de Rauzan on the day of his marriage by Louis XVIII., and afterwards inherited his father-in-law's title.

RAVIGNAN, the Abbé de** (1775-1858). Member of the Society of Jesus.

RÉCAMIER, Madame* (1777-1849). Famous for her beauty.

REDERN, Count Wilhelm von** (1802-1880). Member of the House of Lords in Prussia.

REDERN, Countess Wilhelmina von** (1811-1875) Née Bertha Ienisz, daughter of a Hamburg Senator.

REEDE, the Countess of** (1769-1847). Née Krusemacht.

REEDTZ, Holger Christian of (1800-1857). Danish historian and statesman. He was commissioned in 1848 to negotiate the treaty of Malmœ with the King of Sweden for the purpose of establishing a new government in Schleswig-Holstein. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1850-1851 in the Cabinet presided over by Count Moltke, and afterwards lived in retirement.

REICHENBACH, Countess Emelie of (1791-1843). Née Örtlöpp, the morganatic wife of the Elector of Hesse, William II. On her marriage with him in 1841, she took the title of Countess Reichenbach-Lessowitz.

RÉMUSAT, the Comte Ch. de* (1797-1875). French historian and politician; son of M. de Rémusat, Chamberlain to Napoleon I. and of Mlle. de Vergennes, famous for her beauty and wit.

RÉMUSAT, the Comtesse Pauline de. Née de Lasteyrie, granddaughter of General de La Fayette and wife of the Comte Ch. de Rémusat.

RIVIÈRE, the Duc de (1817-1890). Son of Charles François Riffardeau, who was condemned to death with Georges Cadoudal in 1804 and was only saved by the intervention of Joséphine. He married Mlle. de Cossé-Brissac and resided upon his estate in the Department of Cher. In 1876 he was elected Senator.

RODEN, Lord Robert (1788-1870). Member of the Privy Council at the English Court. He married in 1813 Maria Frances Catherine, daughter of Lord Thomas le Despencer, who died in 1861, leaving him with six children, the eldest of whom was Lord Robert, Viscount Jocelyn. In 1862 he married the widow of an officer, née Clementine Andrews.

ROENNE, Ludwig Moritz Peter von (1804-1875). German lawyer and publicist, councillor at the Court of Justice at Berlin in 1843.

ROGER, Jean François (1776-1842). French dramatic author and politician, member of the French Academy in 1817.

ROHAN-CHABOT, Fernand, Duc de (1789-1869). Aide-de-camp to Napoleon I., whom he accompanied during his Russian campaign. He also served under the Restoration and afterwards lived in retirement.

ROKEBY, Baron Edward (1787-1847). Eldest son of Lord Matthew Montagu, fourth Lord Rokeby, he succeeded his father in 1831. He died unmarried, leaving the title to his brother Henry, who was the sixth Baron Rokeby (1798-1883); with him the title became extinct as he left female issue only.

ROSAS, Manuel (1793-1874). Statesman in the Argentine and Governor of the Argentine Republic from 1828-1861. He was overthrown by an insurrection supported by Brazil and was obliged to take refuge in England.

ROSSI, Count. Of Italian origin, he married the widow of Prince Maximilian of Saxony, whose Chamberlain he became. He was a cousin of the Count Rossi who married Fräulein Sontag.

ROSSI, Pellegrino (1787-1848). French economist and diplomatist, of Italian origin, born at Carrara; he had studied at Bologna and was forced to go into exile in 1815. He became a naturalised Frenchman and was member of the Council of Education in 1840. In 1844 he was Peer of France; in 1845 he was sent to Rome as Ambassador, won the confidence of Pope Pius IX. and undertook to guide his Ministry. He was then assassinated by a Republican fanatic.

ROTHSCHILD, Anselm von (1772-1855). Eldest son of the founder of this celebrated firm, he lived at Frankfort-on-Main. The Emperor of Austria gave him the title of Baron in 1825.