KI: ChatGPT, LLaMA oder Gemini: Angesichts der Textproduktionen durch Große Sprachmodelle stellt sich auf einer sehr elementaren Ebene die Frage, wer – oder was – hier eigentlich schreibt.

Die doppelte Standardannahme, die unser Nachdenken über Schreibpraktiken bislang bestimmt hat – dass nämlich alles Geschriebene zuerst als menschengemacht gelesen werde und dass unser sogenanntes Schreibzeug immer nur passive Gerätschaft sei –, steht angesichts der gegenwärtigen Large Language Models (LLMs) zur Disposition.

Der Sonderband untersucht den Status des Subjekts darum auf zweierlei Art: Zum einen geht es darum, den Ort des oder der Menschen in hybriden Konstellationen verteilter Urheber- oder gar Autorschaft nüchtern zu reflektieren. Und zum anderen darum, Maschinen, die bislang lediglich den Status des Instrumentariums genossen, selbst unaufgeregt als Subjekte des Schreibens in Betracht zu ziehen. Das ›Subjekt des Schreibens‹ soll als begriffliche Alternative dienen, die einerseits den bloß kausalen, instrumentellen Charakter von Urheberschaft übersteigt und andererseits den ideellen, romantischen Charakter von Autorschaft unterschreitet: Es ist nicht mehr und nicht weniger als ein variabel besetzbarer Ort in historisch situierten Gefügen des Schreibens. Es geht, mit einem Wort, um ›Schreibszenen Großer Sprachmodelle‹.

Wenn Schreiben nicht mehr exklusiv mit einer menschlichen Subjektivität in Verbindung steht, sondern auch Maschinen Urheber- oder gar Autorschaft an Texten zukommt, berührt das offenkundig elementare Kategorien der Literatur-, Medien- und Kulturwissenschaft. Besteht Anlass, so wäre zu fragen, einige ihrer etablierten Annahmen, Begriffe und Modelle grundständig zu überarbeiten? Geben sich andere – man denke an die Postulate und Programme des sogenannten Poststrukturalismus – erst in dieser historischen Lage als vollumfänglich zutreffend zu erkennen? Für den Band stellen die Herausgeber daher Positionen zusammen, die sich der Frage nach dem (kommenden) Subjekt des Schreibens aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven nähern. Das schließt grundsätzliche Überlegungen theoretischer und begrifflicher Natur – über Schreibprozesse, Textbegriffe und Autorschaftskonzepte – ebenso ein wie Medienarchäologien historischer und gegenwärtiger Sprachmodelle, die Analyse ihrer Produkte, Politiken, Techniken und Ästhetiken sowie Anthropologien ihrer Praktiken oder des rechtlichen Status ihrer Agenten.

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