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Epigraph

Simply: there’s no way to cover war properly without risk. Covering a war means going into places torn by chaos, destruction, death and pain, and trying to bear witness to that. I care about the experience of those most directly affected by war, those asked to fight and those who are just trying to survive.

Going to these places, finding out what is happening, is the only way to get at the truth. Despite all the videos you see on television, what’s on the ground has remained remarkably the same for the past 100 years. Craters. Burnt houses. Women weeping for sons and daughters. Suffering. In my profession, there is no chance of unemployment. The real difficulty is having enough faith in humanity to believe that someone will care.

MARIE COLVIN

The Sunday Times, 21 October 2001,

‘Bravery is not being afraid to be afraid’

The Marie Colvin Memorial Fund

A portion of the proceeds from the sale of this book goes to the Marie Colvin Memorial Fund

The Colvin family has established a memorial fund in honour of Marie. The fund will direct donations to charitable and educational organisations that reflect Marie’s lifelong dedication to humanitarian aid, human rights, journalism and education.

We thank you for sharing this information with others who may be interested.

Donations may be made payable to:

The Marie Colvin Fund at LICF

1864 Muttontown Road

Syosset, N.Y. 11791

More information on the Marie Colvin Memorial Fund,

and online payment options are available at:

www.mariecolvin.org

Marie at a university party during her time at Yale, New Haven, CT.

Marie on the beach, Cyprus, 1987.

Marie with her mother Rosemarie Colvin, at her wedding to Juan Carlos Gumucio in London.

Marie with nieces Michelle Colvin, right, and Justine Colvin, Oyster Bay, 2004.

Marie sailing near Zakynthos, 2007. Photograph by Richard Flaye.

Title Page

Epigraph

The Marie Colvin Memorial Fund

FOREWORD

by Cat Colvin

PART ONE

IRAN–IRAQ WAR

Basra – blitzed and battered, but not beaten – 25 January 1987

Black banners of death fly over Baghdad – 25 January 1987

Wine and lipstick lay Iran’s ghost to rest – 29 October 1989

MIDDLE EAST

Soviet settlers jolted by the promised land – 11 February 1990

Love sours for Romeo and Juliet of the West Bank – 1 April 1990

Desperately seeking answers in the Arafat slipstream – 5 June 1990

Home alone in Palestine – 19 September 1993

Arafat thrives amid cut and thrust of peace – 9 January 1994

LIBYA 1992–93

Frightened Libyans await the next blow – 19 April 1992

Adie’s minder cracks up – 26 April 1992

Lockerbie drama turns to farce – 3 October 1993

GULF WAR

Under fire – 27 January 1991

Ghosts of war stalk Basra’s empty streets – 23 August 1992

Critics are silenced as Saddam rebuilds Iraq – 4 October 1992

Shadow of evil – 22 January 1995

Blood feud at the heart of darkness – 8 September 1996

MIDDLE EAST

The Hawk who downed a dove – 12 November 1995

Israel’s peace hopes wither – 2 June 1996

Israeli bulldozers rev up for showdown in Jerusalem – 16 March 1997

Arafat encircled in battle for Jerusalem – 6 April 1997

KOSOVO

The centuries of conflict over a sacred heartland – 8 March 1998

Kosovo’s silent houses of the dead – 15 March 1998

Kosovo guerrillas fight Serb shells with bullets – 25 April 1999

Massacre in a spring meadow – 2 May 1999

Letter from … Kosare – 4 June 1999

The neighbour who burned with hate – 20 June 1999

British detectives on trail of men behind massacres – 27 June 1999

The enemy within – 15 August 1999

CHECHNYA

Wrath of Moscow leaves no place for Chechens to hide – 19 December 1999

Escape from Chechnya to a trial by ice – 2 January 2000

EAST TIMOR

Trapped by the terror squads in city of death – 12 September 1999

Courage knows no gender – 10 October 1999

PART TWO

ETHIOPIA

Horror of Ethiopia’s living dead – 9 April 2000

ZIMBABWE

Rape is new weapon of Mugabe’s terror – 28 May 2000

Hunzvi’s surgery is turned into a torture centre – 14 May 2000

SIERRA LEONE

Drug-crazed warriors of the jungle – 3 September 2000

How the hi-tech army fell back on law of the jungle and won – 17 September 2000

SRI LANKA

Fighting Tigers talk of peace deal – 15 April 2001

‘The shot hit me. Blood poured from my eye – I felt a profound sadness that I was going to die’ – 22 April 2001

Fighting back – 15 July 2001

Bravery is not being afraid to be afraid – 21 October 2001

MIDDLE EAST

A bitter taste for vengeance – 7 April 2002

Jenin: the bloody truth – 21 April 2002

Two terrible deaths tell story of the Palestinian predicament – 21 July 2002

GUANTANAMO

Mindless torture? No, smart thinking – 27 January 2002

IRAQ

One call from the great dictator and another day of designer torture began in prison – 4 August 2002

Why the great dictator thinks he can still win – 2 March 2003

Hunt for Saddam & Son, the murderous duo most wanted – 23 March 2003

Target Saddam – 21 December 2003

Iraq – 7 March 2004

Face to face with death in a ‘pacified’ Iraqi town – 29 October 2006

The butcher of Baghdad awaits his death sentence – 5 November 2006

‘I watched Saddam die’ – 31 December 2006

Sunni sheikhs turn their sights from US forces to Al-Qaeda – 9 September 2007

I felt a new terror on Basra’s streets – 16 December 2007

Saddam’s victims left to suffer as henchmen prosper – 3 February 2008

MIDDLE EAST

Gaza’s mourners plan ‘spectacular’ revenge – 28 March 2004

Into the underworld – 17 July 2005

Bulldozer Sharon wins through, but bigger battles may lie ahead – 21 August 2005

Fear and defiance in the battered city – 16 July 2006

Birth, death and destruction on Lebanon’s road to hell – 30 July 2006

Gaza’s deadly guardians – 30 September 2007

IRAN

Iran split as fun-hungry young spurn rigged poll – 15 February 2004

Despair and fear among the Tehran dancing classes – 26 June 2005

EGYPT

Mubarak lights a democratic flame – 4 September 2005

KOSOVO

How one careless phone call ended Radovan Karadzic’s liberty – 27 July 2008

PART THREE

MIDDLE EAST

Bloodied Gaza set for the endgame – 11 January 2009

Beyond the violence, a solution is on the table – 11 January 2009

Netanyahu stokes fears to take poll lead – 8 February 2009

Israel’s secret war – 15 January 2012

IRAQ

War-weary Iraqi voters catch election fever despite attacks – 6 March 2010

US departure from Iraq opens the door for Al-Qaeda – 22 August 2010

Terror returns to stricken Fallujah – 29 August 2010

Battered Kurds attempt to cling on to city of oil – 5 September 2010

AFGHANISTAN

Corrupt, untrained, underpaid, illiterate – 6 December 2009

Hamid Karzai fails Taliban who gave up arms – 31 January 2010

Swift and bloody – 9 May 2010

Afghans find pride in hunt for Taliban – 4 July 2010

IRAN

Anger at Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s election – 14 June 2009

Clashes show depth of fury – 21 June 2009

EGYPT

Flames and fighting flood along the Nile – 30 January 2011

Raging mob bays for Mubarak’s head – 30 January 2011

I ran for my life from a crazed, cursing mob – 6 February 2011

Egypt’s bloody road to reform – 6 February 2011

The kids triumph with Facebook and flyers – 13 February 2011

Feral mobs and fanatics rule Terror Square – 27 November 2011

LIBYA

‘I’ll still be running Libya when my foes have retired,’ insists Gadaffi – 6 March 2011

Siege falters as loyalists defect to side of rebel ‘rats’ – 15 May 2011

‘We had our orders: rape all the sisters’ – 22 May 2011

Professor leads adopted sons into battle – 29 May 2011

Mad Dog and me – 28 August 2011

Killing rooms plot bloody retreat of troops loyal to Tyrant Jr – 4 September 2011

Toxic tyrant’s chemical cavern – 11 September 2011

Desert storm flushes Gadaffi from oasis of dictator chic – 25 September 2011

Brutal retribution – 23 October 2011

Libya keeps silence over vampire dictator’s grave – 30 October 2011

SYRIA

‘Bombs fell like rain. You could only pray’ – 5 February 2012

A vet is only hope for Syrian wounded – 19 February 2012

Final dispatch from Homs, the battered city – 19 February 2012

MARIE COLVIN: THE LAST ASSIGNMENT

by Jon Swain – 26 February 2012

‘REPORTS OF MY SURVIVAL MAY BE EXAGGERATED’

by Alan Jenkins

Footnotes

Tributes

About the Publisher

FOREWORD

To me, a world without Marie is unimaginable. I am just now beginning to experience this shadow of a place, and for the first time there is no Marie to give me comfort or guide me through. Marie had so many friends and colleagues who loved her so deeply, and countless admirers who were awed by her courage as a journalist. While I mourn together with those who loved her and take enormous pride in Marie’s accomplishments, my tribute is to my big sister and lost soulmate.

I try to force thoughts of her broken body out of my mind with memories of our time together – the wild adventures and late-night talks, her offbeat advice and unique view of the world. Most of all, I try to recapture the love with which she so totally and constantly enveloped me for as long as I can remember. She was my greatest admirer, my unwavering ally, my fiercest defender. To have someone as brilliant and amazing as Marie offer such love, support and admiration to me is a gift I will always treasure and desperately miss.

Marie was always my hero and to her I was perfection. She claimed me as her own when I was just a toddler, and in her eyes, I could do no wrong. She opened a big, beautiful world to me, full of laughter, excitement and adventure. My earliest memories of Marie are the bedtime stories she used to tell me, like ‘postage stamp kisses’ – my favourite. Marie would lie in my bed and tell me about some faraway place, with vivid descriptions of the sprawling cities, dusty back roads, flowering countrysides or lush jungles. She told me of the customs, languages and dress of the people who lived there, and what they like to do for fun. She told elaborate stories of queens and medicine women, and the beautiful clothes they wore. I learned from her how people danced in the streets of Rio at Carnival and ran with the bulls in Spain. She opened a world of adventure to me, and we explored it together. Each night, when the story was over, she would plaster me with postage stamp kisses to send me off to explore some new place in my dreams.

As we got older, Marie included me in her life in ways that were extraordinary, in retrospect. She took me with her everywhere, and dressed me to her (not my mother’s) liking. We sailed all over Long Island as kids, and later in the Chesapeake Bay and the Florida Keys. We went on protest marches and hung out in the park singing to guitar music during her high school years. I tagged along with her to long classroom lectures and wild parties at Yale. She taught me the lyrics to her favourite songs by Joni Mitchell, Bonnie Raitt and Patsy Cline, and often had me sing them for her friends at parties (Marie could never carry a tune). Marie inspired me to explore the world with an open heart and mind, from backpacking through Europe at seventeen (with a luxurious stop in Paris to visit Marie) through the birth of my daughter in Santiago, Chile, nearly twenty years later.

On my last trip to London, my daughter, now 13, was still young enough to appreciate bedtime stories, and I told her that Aunt Marie was the greatest master storyteller of all time. I remembered the beautiful, exciting world she had created for me as a girl, and was thrilled for Justine to share my experience. Not long after Marie went up to Justine’s bedroom, I began to hear loud bangs, crashes and shouts. I went upstairs to find Marie throwing her hands in the air and leaping around the room delivering a full warzone soundtrack for her story, as Justine listened wide-eyed and intent from her bed, resplendent in the gorgeous new pyjamas Aunt Marie had given her. The stories had changed, but in Justine’s eyes I saw the same fascination I had felt as a girl basking in Marie’s attention.

Marie really was the greatest master storyteller of all time, there is no doubt. She could have written novels, poems or plays and enraptured the world with the gift of her written and spoken words. But Marie chose to devote her gift to bringing the attention of the world to the innocent victims of war. Even as her reporting grew so much more dangerous and intense, and the damage to her body and soul became manifest, she never forgot how to capture the imagination of a young girl, and she never stopped believing in the importance of a little girl’s dream. I hope and believe that Marie will continue to inspire young women everywhere, not only as they read about her dedication and talent, but as they dream of the difference just one little girl can make in this world.

Cat Colvin

March 2012

PART ONE

Marie in Amman, Jordan, 1991.

Photograph by Simon Townsley.

Iran–Iraq War

Basra – blitzed and battered, but not beaten

25 January 1987

Marie Colvin sends the first front-line report from inside Basra, Iraq’s besieged city.

In Basra, they say the day belongs to Iraq; the night to Iran. Iraq’s second city is under siege, and Iranian shells slammed into houses for the seventeenth successive day yesterday.

Two missiles hit residential areas on Friday. Long bursts of automatic fire and the sound of close fighting intermittently carry across the Shatt al-Arab waterway that flows past Basra’s corniche to the Gulf.

During the day the Iranian shells fall only about once an hour. But at nightfall the shelling begins in earnest, perhaps because the Iranians are using it to cover troop movements.

The streets remain deserted and only military cars and trucks dare venture out. The shells seem to fall at random throughout the city, crashing into homes, businesses and shops. People here believe that if the Iranians cannot take Basra, they will at least make it uninhabitable.

Although thousands have fled, many remain cowering in homes behind sandbags, piled high to window tops, leaving only cracks to let in daylight and air. Basra has taken on the semblance of a giant military camp, but it has not emptied.

The train I arrived in from Baghdad consisted of 20 coaches filled with soldiers heading to the front. The few women aboard wore the black of mourning.

I took a bus which arrived at 8.30am at Saad Square in the heart of Basra. The shelling began at 8.45am. The few pedestrians on the street started hurrying for cover.

One man stopped and gave me sound advice. ‘It’s not a good idea to walk around Basra when they are shelling,’ he said. ‘You’re very exposed here.’

The Ashrar neighbourhood is one of the heaviest hit in the city. A nearby hotel had its windows blown out and an air conditioner hung from one screw in a window. Branches from trees and masonry littered the streets. On a road leading into the square there was a large crater with a dead horse lying next to it.

In front of the Sheraton Hotel on the Corniche burned-out cars are scattered along the street. All the windows in the building have been shattered and the empty swimming pool is filled with shrapnel from a shell that blew apart a taverna.

While I was there, another shell slammed into the hotel, but did not explode. The building shuddered. An hour later a shell landed nearby on Al-Watani Street, the main street through the city centre which is lined with stores and night clubs which were thriving only three weeks ago.

I took refuge in a basement with a businessman who had been sleeping behind his desk for 16 hours. He gave a depressing view of the city’s chances. ‘I think this is how Germany must have felt in the last days of the Second World War,’ he said. ‘People are just waiting. It’s not that they think the Iranians will take Basra, but maybe they will make it impossible for us to live here.’

The western part of the city has escaped heavy shelling, and there shops are still open and people are on the streets. Even at night soldiers stand outside at corner restaurants eating kebabs.

But everywhere there are tales of tragedy. One soldier was crying as he described how three friends had gone out to telephone home when the bombardment appeared to ease on Wednesday. All three were killed by a shell.

The hospitals are overwhelmed. Members of the Popular Army, the militia that handles logistics for the regular army, make daily rounds asking for blood donations and the sick are being moved out of hospitals to make room for soldiers.

Last week, with doctors exhausted by the influx of wounded soldiers, engineers were called to the hospital to help with amputations.

At about 9 on the evening of my arrival the incoming fire became more frequent. The Iraqis sent up huge pink flares that hung suspended over the Shatt for 10 minutes. It was night time, and night time in Basra belongs to Iran.

Black banners of death fly over Baghdad

25 January 1987

After more than two weeks of fighting, the Iranian offensive which began on 9 January appears to have established a bridgehead of about 40 square miles, according to military analysts here. The Iranian front lines are about six miles east of Basra, writes Marie Colvin in Baghdad.

Iranian troops have infiltrated at night, adding incrementally to their occupied ground. But they have not been able to breach the first main defence line between them and their target of Basra, on the east side of the Shatt al Arab waterway which, farther south, forms the border between the two countries.

Iraq has not launched a counter-offensive on the ground, the only way it could drive the Iranians out of the marshes. Iraqi officials insist this is a deliberate strategy. Iraq’s acting prime minister, Taha Yassin Ramadan, in an interview with The Sunday Times, said: ‘We could easily repulse the Iranians but such an operation would be at the expense of losing the opportunity to kill as many of them as possible. Oddly enough they keep up their influx into this killing zone.’

Both states have about 1 million men under arms. But Iran, with its population of 45m, can afford more casualties. It relies on ‘human waves’ of young volunteers, who have been promised heaven if they are killed, to overwhelm the enemy’s initial defences, before sending in the revolutionary guards.

Iraq, with its smaller population of 14 million, cannot afford the huge casualties such tactics entail.

As the Americans realised in Vietnam, a ground counter-offensive would prove costly in Iraqi lives and would be politically unacceptable at home. So the Iraqis in this battle, as before, have stood back and used their superiority in arms to shell the Iranian positions.

The Iranian show of muscle is potentially frightening because of Ayatollah Khomeini’s vow that he will spread his brand of Shi’ite fundamentalism to the Gulf, beyond Iraq. Kuwait is the next state in line and the sound of the fighting in southern Iraq can be heard late at night in its capital, where the summit will be held. But Iraq goes into the summit holding a strong hand. Other Islamic states are known to resent the fact that Iran has completely ignored Iraq’s peace initiatives. Iran has said it will not end the war until the regime of President Saddam Hussein is ousted, while Iraq would settle for peace and a return to international borders. Iran has also lost its claim to be a pure revolutionary state because of the recent revelations that it bought arms from ‘Great Satan’ America and ‘Little Satan’ Israel.

Wine and lipstick lay Iran’s ghost to rest

29 October 1989

It might have been Manhattan. Guests sipped Scotch or wine and grumbled about the government. The last visitors dined on pot luck from the fridge and took a late-night tour of the wine cellar.

But this was Tehran. The host bought his Scotch on the black market for about 600,000 rials a bottle, or £372. The ‘cellar’ was a backyard shed hiding huge bottles of wine brewed from a Boots kit. Tame peacocks preened on the lawn and someone quietly smoked opium.

Iran has changed under its new president, Hojatolisalam Hashemi Rafsanjani. Most well-to-do Iranians have made their peace with the regime, and the mullahs need their skills. Their lifestyle is tolerated so long as it stays behind the villa walls in wealthy, tree-shaded northern Tehran.

Although women must still cover their heads in public, a new Tehran ‘look’ has replaced the voluminous chador. Trendy women wear stove-pipe jeans and high heels under three-quarter-length black raincoats and cover their heads with flowered scarves. Lipstick and black eyeliner have returned.

The feeling of relaxation can be deceptive. A group of West Germans had to be rescued by their ambassador a few weeks ago after a local revolutionary committee broke up their late-night party. Three other foreigners sentenced to 90 lashes for having affairs with local women had to be spirited out of the country.

But among Iranians, even former royalists have come round to Rafsanjani as the alternative to radical clerics and renewed revolutionary turmoil. ‘He’s a mullah but he’s the only hope for Iran,’ said a wealthy doctor.

Having squared the rich, Rafsanjani faces a new and much more serious threat. Tehran’s poor southern suburbs, home to the ‘oppressed’ in whose name Ayatollah Khomeini proclaimed revolution in 1979, are seething.

Wages are low, prices mount daily, and housing is hard to find. Hopes raised by Rafsanjani’s election in August are fading fast. The discontent is dangerous. The poor feel they have as much claim to the revolution as the mullahs. Their street protests drove out the shah, and they could do it again.

Anger is openly expressed. Ismail, 34, a shoemaker in the Shahpur bazaar in southern Tehran, was one of Khomeini’s foot soldiers.

‘Everyone around here went out in the streets,’ he recalls. ‘Even the six-year-olds. They promised us everything. They said it was Allah’s land and we would get some of it.’

Ten years later, Ismail pays 40,000 of his 60,000-rial monthly wage (£37) to rent one ground-floor room in which he, his wife and three children eat, sleep and receive visitors. The home is meticulously clean but shabby and cramped.

The family’s energy goes into finding food. Subsidies should make staples such as sugar, rice and cooking oil cheap. But Ismail’s wife cannot remember the last time the government distributed rice in their neighbourhood.

A black market mafia controls food distribution and locals say government officials take bribes. Corruption goes beyond the bazaar. A surgeon said middle-men received state money for drugs but provided cheaper, often toxic, substitutes and pocketed the difference.

Despite the privations, Rafsanjani still enjoys tremendous goodwill among the poor as well as the rich. But Iran’s future will be determined by whether he can overcome radicals in the regime who oppose both his desire to open Iran to the West and to give more freedom to private businessmen at home.

To secure his position he has been quietly dismantling revolutionary committees, set up to enforce Khomeini’s line, and sending their members back to their own jobs.

He also seems to get support from an unexpected source. Khomeini’s daughter, Fatima, said last week she was considering running for parliament in elections due in December. She is intelligent and more astute than her ambitious brother, Ahmed.

She said Rafsanjani’s policies ‘followed the Imam’s mind‘, and she can cite Khomeini’s name with more authority than any radical.

Rumours abound of struggles in the leadership. The strangest concerns a mysterious shipment of gold allegedly linked to radicals trying to finance their own projects.

One night earlier this month national television showed film of two lorries loaded with 10 tonnes of gold ingots, worth $120 million, allegedly captured near the border with Pakistan. Three days later the government announced the bars were in base metal painted gold. Nevertheless the entire smuggled shipment went to the central bank. Ominous graffiti reads: Khar Khodefi ‘You can’t fool us here’.

The unsettled climate comes at a time when Rafsanjani is trying to find an accommodation with the United States so that he can convince foreign investors their money will be secure in Iran. But the situation is stalemated. President George Bush wants Rafsanjani to show good faith by securing the release of hostages in Lebanon. Rafsanjani told western correspondents last week that Iran needed a western gesture of good faith first.

There is so little contact between them that a friendly embassy sends facsimiles of the Tehran Times’s leaders to Washington every day because Americans for a while believed the regime was planting messages for the administration in the newspaper’s editorial page.