American Hero-Myths: A Study in the Native Religions of the Western Continent

[Footnote 11: Yalahau is referred to by Bishop Nuñez de la Vega as venerated in Occhuc and other Tzendal towns of Chiapas. He translates it "Señor de los Negros." The terminal ahau is pure Maya, meaning king, ruler, lord; Yal is also Maya, and means water. The god of the waters, of darkness, night and blackness, is often one and the same in mythology, and probably had we the myth complete, he would prove to be Votan's brother and antagonist.]

[Footnote 12: Quoted in Emeterio Pineda, Descripcion Geografica de Chiapas y Soconusco, p. 9 (Mexico, 1845).]

[Footnote 13: The title of the Tzendal MSS., is said by Cabrera to be "Proof that I am a Chan." The author writes in the person of Votan himself, and proves his claim that he is a Chan, "because he is a Chivim." Chan has been translated serpent; on chivim the commentators have almost given up. Supposing that the serpent was a totem of one of the Tzendal clans, then the effort would be to show that their hero-god was of that totem; but how this is shown by his being proved a chivim is not obvious. The term ualum chivim, the land of the chivim. appears to be that applied, in the MS., to the country of the Tzendals, or a part of it. The words chi uinic would mean, "men of the shore," and might be a local name applied to a clan on the coast. But in default of the original text we can but surmise as to the precise meaning of the writer.]

[Footnote 14: Modo de Administrar los Sacramentos en Castellano y Tzendal, 1707. 4to MS., p. 13.]

[Footnote 15: Thus we have (Popol Vuh, Part i, p. 2) u qux cho, Heart of the Lakes, and u qux palo, Heart of the Ocean, as names of the highest divinity; later, we find u qux cah, Heart of the Sky (p. 8), u qux uleu, Heart of the Earth, p. 12, 14, etc.]

[Footnote 16: "Mijes, Maya nation," The Native Races of the Pacific States, Vol. v, p. 712.]

[Footnote 17: Apuntes sobre la Lengua Mije, por C.H. Berendt, M.D., MS., in my hands. The comparison is made of 158 words in the two languages, of which 44 have marked affinity, besides the numerals, eight out of ten of which are the same. Many of the remaining words are related to the Zapotec, and there are very few and faint resemblances to Maya dialects. One of them may possibly be in this name, Votan (uotan), heart, however. In Mixe the word for heart is hot. I note this merely to complete my observations on the Votan myth.]

[Footnote 18: Juan B. Carriedo, Estudios Historicos y Estadisticos del Estado Libre de Oaxaca, p. 3 (Oaxaca, 1847).]

[Footnote 19: Ibid., p. 94, note, quoting from the works of Las Casas and Francisco Burgoa.]

[Footnote 20: "Afirman que fue trasladado al cielo, y que al tiempo de su partida dexó al Cacique de aquella Provincia por heredero de su santidad i poderio." Lucas Fernaudez Piedrahita, Historia General de las Conquistas del Nueoo Reyno de Granada, Lib. i, cap. iii (Amberes, 1688).]

[Footnote 21: Uricoechea says, "al principio del mundo la luz estaba encerrada en una cosa que no podian describir i que llamaban Chiminigague, ó El Criador." Gramatica de la Lengua Chibcha, Introd., p. xix. Chie in this tongue means light, moon, month, honor, and is also the first person plural of the personal pronoun. Ibid., p. 94. Father Simon says gagua is "el nombre del mismo sol," though ordinarily Sun is Sua.]

[Footnote 22: The principal authority for the mythology of the Mayscas, or Chibchas, is Padre Pedro Simon, Noticias Historiales de las Conquistas de Tierra Firme en el Nuevo Reyno de Granada, Pt. iv, caps. ii, iii, iv, printed in Kingsborough, Mexican Antiquities, vol. viii, and Piedrahita as above quoted.]

[Footnote 23: "Juxta Paraquariae metropolim rupes utcumque cuspidata, sed in modicam planitiem desinens cernitur, in cujus summitate vestigia pedum humanorum saxo impressa adhuc manent, affirmantibus constanter indigenis, ex eo loco Apostolum Thomam multitudini undequaque ad eum audiendum confluenti solitum fuisse legem divinam tradere: et addunt mandiocae, ex qua farinam suam ligneam conficiunt, plantandae rationem ab eodem accepisse." P. Nicolao del Techo, Historia Provincial Paraquariae Societatis Jesu, Lib. vi, cap. iv (folio, Leodii, 1673).]

[Footnote 24: "Ipse abii," he writes in his well known Letter, "et propriis oculis inspexi, quatuor pedum et digitorum satis alté impressa vestigia, quae nonnunquam aqua excrescens cooperit." The reader will remember the similar event in the history of Quetzalcoatl (see above, chapter iii, §3)]

[Footnote 25: "E Brasiliâ in Guairaniam euntibus spectabilis adhuc semita viditur, quam ab Sancto Thoma ideo incolae vocant, quod per eam Apostolus iter fecisse credatur; quae semita quovis anni tempore eumdem statum conservat, modicé in ea crescendibus herbis, ab adjacenti campo multum herbescenti prorsus dissimilibus, praebetque speciem viae artificiosé ductae; quam Socii nostri Guairaniam excolentes persaepe non sine stupore perspexisse se testantur." Nicolao del Techo, ubi suprá, Lib. vi, cap. iv.

The connection of this myth with the course of the sun in the sky, "the path of the bright God," as it is called in the Veda, appears obvious. So also in later legend we read of the wonderful slot or trail of the dragon Fafnir across the Glittering Heath, and many cognate instances, which mythologists now explain by the same reference.]

[Footnote 26: "Ilium quoque pollicitum fuisse, se aliquando has regiones revisurum." Father Nobrega, ubi suprá. For the other particulars I have given see Nicolao del Techo, Historia Provinciae Paraquariae, Lib. vi, cap. iv, "De D. Thomae Apostoli itineribus;" and P. Antonio Ruiz, Conquista Espiritual hecha por los Religiosos de la Compañia de Jesus en las Provincias del Paraguay, Parana, Uruguay y Tape, fol. 29, 30 (4to., Madrid, 1639). The remarkable identity of the words relating to their religious beliefs and observances throughout this widespread group of tribes has been demonstrated and forcibly commented on by Alcide D'Orbigny, L'Homme Americain, vol. ii, p. 277. The Vicomte de Porto Seguro identifies Zume with the Cemi of the Antilles, and this etymology is at any rate not so fanciful as most of those he gives in his imaginative work, L'Origine Touranienne des Americaines Tupis-Caribes, p. 62 (Vienna, 1876).]

[Footnote 27: Monographie des Dènè Dindjié, par C.R.P.E. Petitot, pp. 84-87 (Paris, 1876). Elsewhere the writer says: "Tout d'abord je dois rappeler mon observation que presque toujours, dans les traditions Dènè, le couple primitif se compose de deux frères." Ibid., p. 62.]

[Footnote 28: For the extent and particulars of this myth, many of the details of which I omit, see Petitot, ubi suprá, pp. 68, 87, note; Matthew Macfie. Travels in Vancouver Island and British Columbia, pp. 452-455 (London, 1865); and J.K. Lord, The Naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia (London, 1866). It is referred to by Mackenzie and other early writers.]

[Footnote 29: See his "Essai sur l'Origine des Dènè-Dindjié," in his Monographie, above quoted.]

[Footnote 30: "Alle Sitten sind sittlich." Lazarus, Ursprung der Sitte, S. 5, quoted by Roskoff. I hardly need mention that our word morality, from mos, means by etymology, simply what is customary and of current usage. The moral man is he who conforms himself to the opinions of the majority. This is also at the basis of Robert Browning's definition of a people: "A people is but the attempt of many to rise to the completer life of one" (A Soul's Tragedy).]

[Footnote 31: "Las cosas que el Bochica les enseñaba eran buenas, siendo assi, que tenian por malo lo mismo que nosotros tenemos por tal." Piedrahita, Historia General de las Conquistas del Nuevo Reyno de Granada, Lib. i, Cap. iii.]

[Footnote 32: The reader willing to pursue the argument further can find these collections of ancient American laws in Sahagun, Historia de Nueva España, for Mexico; in Geronimo Roman, Republica de las Indias Occidentales, for Utatlan and other nations; for Peru in the Relacion del Origen, Descendencia, Politica, y Gobierno de los Incas, por el licenciado Fernando de Santillan (published at Madrid. 1879); and for the Muyscas, in Piedrahita, Hist. Gen. del Nuevo Reyno de Granada, Lib. ii, cap. v.]

[Footnote 33: P. Joseph de Acosta, Historia Natural y Moral de las Indias, Lib. vi, cap. 31 (Barcelona, 1591).]

[Footnote 34: See Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl, Historica Chichimeca, cap. xlix; and Joseph Joaquin Granados y Galvez, Tardes Americanas, p. 90 (Mexico, 1778).]

[Footnote 35: Roger Williams, A Key Into the Language of America, p. 152.]

[Footnote 36: See especially the Noticias sobre el Nuevo Reino de Granada, in the Colleccion de Documentos ineditos del Archivo de Indias, vol. v, p. 529.]

THE END

INDEXES

I. INDEX OF AUTHORS

Acosta, J. de

Alegre, F.X.

Anales del Museo Nacional de Mejico

Ancona, Eligio

Angrand, L.

Annals of Cuauhtitlan

Antonio, G.

Argoll, Capt

Avila, Francisco de

Bancroft, H.H.

Baraga, Frederick

Basalenque, D.

Becerra

Beltran, de Santa Rosa

Berendt, C.H.

Bernal Diaz

Bertonio, L.

Betanzos, Juan de

Bobadilla, F. de

Boturini, L.

Bourbourg, Brasseur de, see Brasseur.

Brasseur (de Bourbourg), C.

Buschmann, J.C.E.

Buteux, Father

Cabrera, P.F.

Campanius, Thomas

Campbell, John

Carriedo, J.B.

Carrillo, Crescencio

Charency, H. de

Charlevoix, Pére

Chavero, Alfredo

Chaves, Gabriel de

Chilan Balam, Books of

Clavigero, Francesco S.

Codex Borgianus

Codex Telleriano-Remensis

Codex Troano

Codex Vaticanus

Cogolludo, D.L. de

Comte, Auguste

Cortes, Hernan

Cox, Sir George W.

Cuoq, J.A.

Cusic, David

Desjardins, E.

D'Orbigny, A.

Duran, Diego

Elder, F.X.

Fischer, Heinrich

Franco, P.

Fuen-Leal, Ramirez de

Gabriel de San Buenaventura

Garcia, G.

Garcia y Garcia, A.

Gatschet, A.S.

Gomara, F.L.

Granados y Galvez, J.J.

Hale, Horatio

Haupt, Paul

Hernandez, Francisco

Hernandez, M.

Herrera, Antonio de

Holguin, D.G.

Humbolt, A.V.

Ixtlilxochitl, F.A. de

Jourdanet, M.

Keary, Charles F.

Kingsborough, Lord

Lalemant, Father

Landa, D. de

Lang, J.D.

Las Casas, B. de

Lazarus, Prof.

Leon, Cieza de

Le Plongeon, Dr.

Lizana, B.

Lord, J.K.

Lubbock, Sir John

Macfie, M.

Mangan, Clarence

Markham, C.R.

Melgar, J.M.

Mendieta, Geronimo de

Mendoza, G.

Molina, Alonso de

Molina, C. de

Montejo, Francisco de

Motolinia, Padre

Motul, Diccionario de

Müller, Max

Nieremberg, E. de

Nobrega, E.

Ollanta, drama of

Olmos, Andre de

Orozco y Berra, Señor

Oviedo, G.F. de

Pachacuti, J. de

Pech, Nakuk

Perrot, Nicholas

Petitot, P.E.

Piedrahita, L.T.

Pimentel, F.

Pinart, A.L.

Pineda, E.

Pio Perez, J.

Popol Vuh, the

Porto Seguro, V. de

Prescott, W.H.

Rau, Charles

Rea, A. de la

Rialle, G. de

Roman, H.

Roskoff, Gustav

Ruiz, A.

Sagard Pére

Sahagun, B. de

Sanchez, Jesus

Santillan, F. de

Schoolcraft, H. R.

Schultz-Sellack, Dr.C.

Schwartz, F.L.W.

Short, J.T.

Simeon, Remi

Simon, P.

Sotomayor, J. de V.

Squier, B. G.

Stephens, J.L.

Strachey, William

Tanner, John

Taylor, S.

Techo, N. de

Ternaux-Compans, M

Tezozomoc, A.

Tiele, C.P.

Tobar, Juan de

Toledo, F. de

Torquemada, Juan de

Trumbull, J.H.

Tschudi, J.J. von

Uricoechea, E.

Valera, Blas

Vega, Garcillaso, de la

Vega, Nuñez de la Veitia

Waitz, Th.

Wiener, C.

Williams, Roger

Xahila, F.E.A.

Zegarra, G.P.

II. INDEX OF SUBJECTS

Abancay, in Peru

Abstract expressions

Acan, Maya god of wine

Acantun, Maya deities

Ages of the world

Ah-kiuic, deity of the Mayas

Ah-puchah, deity of the Mayas

Air, gods of; see Wind

Algonkins, their location

" their hero-myth

Amun, Egyptian deity

Anahuac

Animiki, the thunder god

Arawack language

Ares, the Greek

Arnava, name of Viracocha

Apotampo

Arama, deity of the Moxos

Arrival, the Great and Less

Ataensic, an Iroquois deity

Atahualpa Inca

Atecpanamochco, the bath of Quetzalcoatl

Athabascan myths and languages

Aticsi, epithet of Viracocha

Aurora, myths of; see Dawn

Ayar, Ancca

Ayar Cachi, a name of Viracocha

Ayar Manco

Ayar Uchu

Aymaras, myths of

" language of

Aztecs, location of

Aztecs in Yucatan

Aztlan, meaning of

Bacabs, the four

Baldur, the Norse

Ball, the game of

Bearded hero-god

Belly, the, in symbolism

Bird, symbol of

Bisexual deities

Bochica, hero-god of the Muyscas

Borrowing in myths

Butterfly, the, as a symbol of the wind

Cadmus, the myth of

Cakchiquels, myths of

Camaxtli, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Canas tribe

Canil, a name of Itzamna

Cannook, deity of Dènè

Carapaco, lake of

Carcha, town of

Cardinal points, worship of

Caylla, epithet of Viracocha

Ce Acatl, One Reed, a name of Quetzalcoatl

Ce Acatl Inacuil

Cemi, deity of Arawacks

Chac, deity of the Mayas

Chacamarca, river of

Chac Mool, supposed idol

Chalchihuitl

Chalchiuitlicue, Aztec goddess

Chalchihuitzli, Aztec deity

Chalchiuhapan, the bath of Quetzalcoatl

Chasca, Qquichua deity

Chem, Egyptian deity

Chibchas, see Muyscas

Chibilias, a Maya goddess

Chichen Itza

Chichimees, the

Chickaban, a festival

Chicomecoatl, an Aztec deity

Chicomoztoc

Chimalman

Chimalmatl

Chimizapagua, name of Bochica

Chivim, land of

Chnum, Egyptian deity

Choctaws, myth of

Cholula

Christianity, effects of

Cincalco, Cave of

Cipactli, in Aztec myth

Cipactonal, in Aztec myth

Citlatonac, an Aztec deity

Citlallicue, an Aztec deity

Citlaltlachtli

Coatl, in Nahuatl

Coatecalli, the Aztec Pantheon

Coatlicue, Aztec goddess

Cocoms, the

Colhuacan

Colla, a Peruvian deity

Colors, symbolism of

Con, Peruvian deity

Concacha

Conchuy

Condorcoto, the mountain

Condoy, hero-god of Mixes

Coto, village

Coyote, sacred to Tezcatlipoca

Cozcapan, fountain of

Cozumel, cross of

Cross, the, symbol of

Cuchaviva, goddess of Muyscas

Cueravaperi, goddess of Tarascos

Cuernava, cave of

Cum-ahau, a Maya deity

Curicaberis, deity of Tarascos

Cuzco, founding of

" temple of

Darkness, powers of

Dawn, the mansion of the

" myths of

Dènè, myths of

Drum, the sacred

Dyaus, the Aryan god

Dyonisiac worship, the

East, sacredness of

Echuac, a Maya deity

Egyptian mythology

Europe, carried off by Zeus

Fafnir, the dragon

Fatal children, the myth of

Fire, origin of

Five eggs, the

Flint stone, myths of

Flood myth, the

Four brothers, the myths of

" sacred numbers

" roads to the underworld

Freya, Norse goddess

Frog, as symbol of water

Genesiac principle, worship of

Gijigonai, the day makers

Glittering heath, the

Golden locks of the hero-god

Great Bear, constellation of

Guanacaure, mountain of

Guaranis tribe

Guaymis, tribe of Darien

Guazacoalco

Gucumatz, god of Kiches

Hachaccuna

Hanmachis, the sun-god

Heart, symbol of

Henotheism in religions

Hermaphrodite deities

Hermes, Greek myth of

Hill of Heaven, the

Hobnel, deity of the Mayas

Homonomy

Huanacauri

Huastecs, the

Huarachiri Indians, myth of

Huayna Capac, Inca

Huehuetlan, town of

Huemac, a name of Quetzalcoatl

Hueytecpatl, an Aztec deity

Hue Tlapallan

Hueytonantzin, an Aztec deity

Huitzilopochtli, Aztec deity

birth of

Huitznahna, Aztec deity

Hunchbacks, attendant on Quetzalcoatl

Hunhunahpu, a Kiche deity

Hunpictok, a Maya deity

Hurons, myth of

Hurukan, god of Kiches

Idea of God, evolution of

Illa, name of Viracocha

Incas, empire of

Indra

Ioskeha, the myth of

" derivation of

Iroquois, their location

" hero myth of

Itzamal, city of

Itzamna, the Maya hero god

" his names

Itzas, a Maya tribe

Itztlacoliuhqui, Aztec deity

Ix-chebel-yax, Maya goddess

Ixchel, the rainbow goddess

Ixcuin, an Aztec deity

Izona, error for Itzamna

Iztac Mixcoatl

Jupiter, the planet

Kabironokka, the North

Kabil, a name of Itzamna

Kabun, the West

Kiches, myths of

Kinich ahau, a name of Itzamna

Kinich ahau haban

Kinich kakmo, a name of Itzamna

Kukulcan, myth of

" meaning of name

Languages, sacred, of priests

" American

Laws, native American

Lif, the Teutonic

Light, its place in mythology

Light-god, the

" color of

Light, woman of

Lucifer, worshiped by Mayas

Maize, origin of

Manco Capac

Mani, province of

Marriage ceremonies

Master of life, the

Mat, the virgin goddess

Ma Tlapallan

Mayapan, destruction of

" foundation of

Mayas, myths of

" language

" ancestors of

" prophecies of

Meconetzin, a name of Quetzalcoatl

Meztitlan, province of

Michabo, myth of

" derivation of

Michoacan

Mictlancalco

Mirror, the magic

Mirrors, of Aztecs

Mixcoatl, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Mixes, tribe

Monenequi, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Monotheism in Peru

Moon, in Algonkin myths

" in Aztec myths

Moquequeloa, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Morals and religion

Morning, house of the

Moxos, myths of

Moyocoyatzin, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Muskrat, in Algonkin mythology

Muyscas, myths of

" laws of

Nahuatl, the language

Nanacatltzatzi, an Aztec deity

Nanih Wayeh

Nanihehecatle, name of Quetzalcoatl

Narcissus, the myth of

Nemterequeteba, name of Bochica

Nezahualcoyotzin, Aztec ruler

Nezaualpilli, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Nicaraguans, myths of

Nonoalco

Nuns, houses of

Oaxaca, province of

Occhuc, town

Ocelotl, the

Odin, the Norse

Ojibway dialect, the

" myth

Ometochtli, an Aztec deity

Orelbale, Athabascan, deity

Osiris, the myth of

Otomies

Otosis, in myth building

Ottawas, an Algonkin tribe

Owl, as a symbol of the wind

Oxomuco, in Aztec myth

Pacarina, the, in Peru

Pacari tampu

Pachacamac

Pachayachachi, epithet of Viracocha

Palenque, the cross of

" building of

Pantecatl, Aztec deity

Panuco, province of

Papachtic, a name of Quetzalcoatl

Pariacaca, a Peruvian deity

Paronyms

Parturition, symbol of

Paths of the gods

Pay zume, a hero-god

Perseus

Personification

Peten, lake

Phallic emblems

Phoebus

Pinahua, a Peruvian deity

Pirhua

Pirua

Pochotl son of Quetzalcoatl

Polyonomy in myth building

Prayers, purpose of

" to Quetzalcoatl

" to Viraoocha

Proper names in American languages

Prophecies of Mayas

Prosopopeia

Pulque, myths concerning

QABAUIL, god of Kiches

Qquichua language

Qquonn, Peruvian deity

Quateczizque, priests so-called

Quauhtitlan

Quetzalcoatl

identified with the East

meaning of the name

as god

contest with Tezcatlipoca

the hero of Tula

worshiped in Cholula

born of a virgin

his bath

as the planet Venus

as lord of the winds

god of thieves

representations

Quetzalpetlatl

Ra, the Sun-god

Rabbit, the giant

" in Algonkin myths

" in Aztec myths

Rainbow, as a deity

Rains, gods of

Red Land, the, see Tlapallan

Religions, classifications of

" the essence of

" and morals

Repose, the place of

Reproduction, myths concerning

Resurrection, belief in

Romulus and Remus

Sand, place of

Sarama and Sarameyas, a Sanscrit myth

Serpent symbol, the

Serpents, the king of

Seven brothers, the

" caves or tribes, the

Shawano, the south

Shu, Egyptian deity

Skunk, sacred to Tezcatlipoca

Snailshell symbol

Sogamoso, town

Soma, the intoxicating

Sons of the clouds

Sterility, relief from

Sua, name of Bochica

Sun worship in Peru

" in America

Sun, the city of

Suns, the Aztec

Surites, deity of Tarascos

Tahuantin Suyu kapac

Tampuquiru

Tamu, a hero-god

Tapirs

Tarascos

Taripaca, epithet of Viracocha

Tawiscara, in Iroquois myth

Tecpancaltzin, a Toltec king

Tecpatl, an Aztec deity

Tehotennhiaron, Iroquois deity

Tehunatepec tribes

Teimatini, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Telephassa, mother of Cadmus

Telpochtli, a name of Tezctlipoca

Tentetemic, an Aztec deity

Teocolhuacan

Teometl, the

Texcalapan

Texcaltlauhco

Teyocoyani, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Tezcatlachco

Tezcatlipoca, Aztec deity

his names

derivation of name

as twins

contests with Quetzalcoatl

slays Ometochli

dressed in the tiger skin

Tezcatlipoca-Camaxtli

Tezcuco

Tharonhiawakon, in Iroquois

Thomas, Saint, in America

Thunder, myth of

Tiahuanaco, myth concerning

Ticci, name of Viracocha

Tiger, as a symbol

Titicaca lake

Titlacauan, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Tizapan, the White Land

Tlacauepan

Tlaloc, Aztec deity

Tlalocan

Tlamatzincatl, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Tlanqua-cemilhuique, a name of the Toltecs

Tlapallan

Tlatlallan, the fire land

Tlillan, the dark land

Thllapa, the murky land

Thlpotonqui, a name of Quetzalcoatl

Tocapo, epithet of Viracocha

Toh, a Kiche deity

Tokay, epithet of Viracocha

Tollan, see Tula

Tollan-Cholollan

Tollan Tlapallan

Tollantzinco

Toltecs, the

Tonalan

Tonatlan

Tonaca cihuatl, an Aztec deity

Tonaca tecutli, Aztec deity

Topiltzin, a name of Quetzalcoatl

Toltec, an Aztec deity

Totems, origin of

Toveyo, the

Tree of life, the

Tree of the Mirror

Tualati, myth of

Tukupay, epithet of Viracocha

Tula, the mythical city of

Tum, Egyptian deity

Tume, a hero-god

Tunapa, name of Viracocha

Tupac Yupanqui, Inca

Tupi-Guaranay tribes

Twins, in mythology

Two brothers, myths of

Tzatzitepec, the hill of shouting

Tzendals, hero-myth of

Tzinteotl, Aztec deity

Ttzitzimime, Aztec deities

Uac metun ahau, a name of Itzamna

Ualum chivim

Ualum uotan

Urcos, temple of

Usapu, epithet of Viracocha

Utatlan, province of

Vase, lord of the

Venus, the planet, in myths

Viracocha, myth of

" meaning of

" statues of

" worship of

Virgin cow, the, in Egypt

Virgin-mother, myth of

Virgins of the sun, in Peru

Votan, hero-god of Tzendals

Wabawang, the morning star

Wabun, or the East

Water, in mythology

" gods of

West, in mythology

West wind, the

Wheel of the months

" of the winds

White hero-god, the

" land

" serpent

Winds, gods of

World-stream, the

Xalac

Xbalanque, hero-god of Kiches

Xicapoyan, the bath of Quetzalcoatl

Xilotzin, son of Quetzalcoatl

Xiu, Maya family of

Xmukane, in Kiche myth

Xochitl, the maiden

Xochitlycacan, the rose garden

Xochiquetzal, an Aztec deity

Yacacoliuhqui, Aztec deity

Yacatecutli, Aztec deity

Yahualli ehecatl, a name of Quetzalcoatl

Yalahau, deity of Tzendals

Yale, deity of the Dènè

Yamquesupa, lake of

Yaotlnecoc, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Yaotzin, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Yaqui, derivation of

Yax-coc-ahmut, a name of Itzamna

Yêl, deity of Dènè

Ymamana Viracocha

Yoalli ehecatl, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Yoamaxtli, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Yoel of the winds

Yolcuat Quetzalcoat

Yucatan

Yunca language

Yupanqui, Inca

Zacuan

Zapala, epithet of Viracocha

Zapotecs, tribe

Zeus, the Greek

Zipacna, a Kiche diety

Zitacuarencuaro, a festival

Zivena vitzcatl

Zoques, tribe

Zuhe, name of Bochica

Zume, a hero-god

Zuyva, Tollan in