50 -  .  -
 

 

 . 


    ,     ,       .    ,   .

        50  -,     .   ,   -      ,   ,        .  ,               ,         .

  PDF A4   .





 ,  ,  

50 -  .  -



  ,  ,  , 2024

 Π , 2024







 Graduate School of Business Stanford University,   ,     -:       .                 .

     -  50               ,       .           .

      !     , ,   , ,  .       ,     .

     ,    -.       .



 
David S. Lobel Professor of Private Equity and Professor of Finance Graduate School of Business Stanford University




 

    1020 ?


  -20          ,  ,        Microsoft. Saudi Aramco, Cisco, IBM, ExxonMobil, PetroChina, General Electric:     ?

        .          .

      -     .

          -,       .    - (  )    $1     ,        10.

   .  Ford  Toyota    .  Sony  iPhone  iTunes.          . Google  YouTube,   ,     ,  TikTok,      . Microsoft  Skype,    Zoom. Apple         (      ).

   .          .    ,        .     .      ,       .   ,         .       .

    ,         .      .     .    50- ,    .

    ,          .      ,       .        ,     ,        30 ,     ,    .

,        .     ,    .  TRX,  FORM,  Infinit Nutrition     Strava     ,                ,   .  , ,   ,   ,   Microsoft  -20 .




 ⠹1






   1400      $1.    -.

     ,      ,     .


 ,  

   ,         .   ,   .      ,        .


     

      .     :     .       . ,      .       .


    

  Duolingo, Robinhood, Sondors.    ,              .


    

       ,   ,  ,    .  Strava, Lemonade,   Duolingo        .

     ,       ,  ,  .   ,    .


         

           .  ,       (,   ),     .   Vivino Storytell     .               .


    

     .      ,      .  Warby Parker      .


Freemium      

Freemium             ,  Spotify, Duolingo, Strava, Miro, Medium, TrainingPeaks,        .      .




          .  -       ,        . Vivino, Substuck, GetTransfer   ,      .       .   ,    ,        ,  . ,   ,    .


        -

       (Sonders  , Bonobo     Warby Parker  ),     -    ,         .




DUOLINGO:   











  2011          (    )     . ,     .       ,        .      .

    ,    ,       .      .

     -,  ,    .     Union Square Ventures      A-Grade Investments.     Google, Kleiner Caufield & Byer      .

 2012      iOS,      Android,      1 Google Play ( 1     ).

 2022- Duolingo           .

  IPO 2021      2023- (     ,   IPO   ).


    ?

    , Duolingo         .    ,   ,  .

    ,     100% ,    (  ,        ).     Duolingo        ,   MIT.      TOEFL/IELTS    .

Duolingo       , ,     .     ,  Rosetta Stone, Busuu, Lingvist.    ,   .



  Duolingo?

     ,        .


Duolingo  2011 .

  ( DUOL) 2021 .

 2022   $370.

   $6,7.

 2023     500  .




SPOTIFY:      











  2006   -   .            .

 2011       (   20% ),            Discover,       ,        .

 2013-    :       , Spotify       (      ). -         .

    :  ,   , Spotify Running  ,Discover Weekly   , Release Radar,         .   2016 Spotify  $5  ,     .

      ,        .

 2018    New York Stock Exchange   direct listing   $165  .  2023    $146.  ,       IPO      ,       . (  IPO    $4,5 .)         .

  Spotify      ,         Audible, Storytel (  )   ,   .            Findawayvoices 2022 .


   ߠ?

                   ,     .  ,      ,                 .

     .

    .      -   ,       :

 30-  (   )  15 ;

   ,     ,   ;

          .

      ,            .

            ,    ,  :        .

    ,        .       .    $1,      250  Amazon Music  330  Spotify!       Spotify,     .       .    100   .

   Spotify       (, )   (    ) ,         .

 Spotify     Apple Music, Amazon Music, Google, Yandex Music    .     ,   ,   .   Google Apple  ,     ,    .



  Spotify?

      ,   ,       (    )   .


Spotify  2006 .

 IPO 2018 ,      .

  $13.

  $31.

  2023    220.




MEDIUM:     











   2012     CEO Twitter        .     TheObvious Corporation,      .  2014            iOS.

   Medium   .    :          ,          .       ,          .    Medium    .

  ,                  .    Medium    .

Medium      .   -            2014   Webby Awards.

 Medium 2023   1   (The New York Times, ,  3  ,    ,  ).


   ߠ?

 Medium     .

  :  ,   ,         .          .  ,       ,    .      $10 000  , ,  .

  :   .         .     :    ,       ,     .  :    ,     .

     -.  ,    ,  ,    Medium   50000   .      :    ,      ,    ,   .

           .       ,            .  ,     ,   :  ,          .             ,      .    ,     ?    : Medium       ,  Substack     .

  ,          .



  Medium?

      2017    .        ($5   $50  ).


  2012 .     .

 2023    $132  ,        $12,2.




SUBSTACK:      











   2017   ,    .       ,    ,   20182019-      .      : 2020         -    .   2021-    ,    .

   : 2019  Substack     , 2022-   .


   ߠ?

 Substack  ,       ,  ,       .

       .       ;           ,     .

        ,       ,     ,     .

  ,         ,         ,    .   .

     Substack.  , ,     .      $50  .   ,   ,  , ,  . -10    $20  ,      100 000 .

    , Medium      ,      .   , Substack           ,             Substack Pro.



  Substack?

  10%     .


Substack  2017 .

2023    $82 ,    .

 2023  Substack  2  ,   $20.

  .




STRAVA:   











Strava  2009  -    .       .         40 .       .

    Strava  ,       :            ,     .

 2023  Strava     ( ).        . ,      .


   ߠ?

Strava       ,   ,      .      ,   .

           Strava (       ,      ),     ,    .  ,         Strava   Kudo.   .    ,       .   2500   (  :    1000  ).    Tour de France      .

 ,       . Strava    .

    .      ,    Strava        ,   .      ,                  .     Garmin,     .

            .         10- , Strava   .

        .   Strava         ,      Komoot ( 2010 ).  Garmin, TrainingPeaks, Ride With GPS  Strava  frenemy (-).



  Strava?

  freemuim-,     .        .          $79,99  .


Strava  2009 .     $70,5 .    .

 2022  100  .     $220  $2,2  .

2022    $1,5.




SONDORS: ,   











     $3000,     .  :      . ,       ,       ,      ,     .   : ,  ,  .       .

 2015             : $1000   ,    :

   100%;

   ;

     ;

   ,      .

        .   ,              Happy Meal McDonalds    .  -  ,         ,       .       ,     ,         .

    Kickstarter[1 -      .      . Sondors    ,       . . .].    2000 .    Sondors  50000,              .

  Sondors   ,      ,         .

  ,      ,      ,        .


   ߠ?

      :          .      eBike ,  iPhone!

 Sondors   32/.       .   4880,         .   ,     ,  ,   .

     : , , ,        .



  Sondors?

    .        ,  ,  ,    ,   .     .

      (,  ..).


Sondors   2015 .

 2022    $18    37%.

  ,   IPO.




TRX:   











   ,   ,  1997-    TRX (    ).        ,       ,       .

 2001 ,  14    ,   -      MBA.     ,       .  $350000        ,      ,    TRX.

    - ,      .   ,     .


   ߠ?

TRX         .   , ,       ,          .   ,   ,             .

       :    ,   . TRX    ,        .



  TRX?

      .  ,     ;     .


TRX  2015      .

 2023   $200.




FORM:    











        .     Recon Instruments,           .  2015  Intel,    Oakley     ,        .    ,     ,   . ,       Arena Speedo      .

 FORM ,       240       (  ,  , ...).                .        -         (   1976   ).       ,   FORM          FINA.       .


   ߠ?

            FORM.        .          .      ,   ,       .                  .

   Strava TrainingPeaks,          .



  FORM?

     ( 2023 $15  ).            .

     $199  $30  .    :          .      :       ,  ,    .


Form  2016  .      .

2023   $7. 2023   $8,5 .




INFINIT NUTRITION:   











      .         ,      ,   ,          .     2003-     .  2004      .

 Infinit Nutrition  ,    .       .     ,         .


   ߠ?

      ,       ,    .      .

,    ,      .

,  ,   ,        .

,            .  ,   ,    ,   ,        ,    .            .

           .       ,      .                     .    .       ,     ,        .    񻠖   ,    .



  Infinit Nutrition?

-      ,    ,  .      ,  ,   .


Infinit Nutrition  2003 .   .

 2023    $12.




IMPOSSIBLE FOODS:  ,  !











Impossible Foods   2011   ( ,  ).   Impossible Burger     2016      .  2018      ,   .  2019-           .

    .  2016  Impossible Foods          -   .   2017-      White Castle (  377 ),   2018-  5000    .

 2019    Burger King,            . 2020    2000 Walmart, ,   ,   .

      ,    ,        ,   .


   ߠ?

      ,    :    ,     .         .   Impossible Burger,   ,    ,  ,     ,    ,     FDA (    ).

    .                   .           ,   .       ,      (  ,      ,        ).

  ,  .     Impossible Foods     Beyond Meat,     .



  Impossible Foods?

          .        .


Impossible Foods  2011 .   .

ʠ2023   $1,3  12.

  ,   2022   $200.




VIVINO:     











   2010       Ѹ.     iPhone    2011. ,          ,          ,    ,     .      ,    ,         ,     .          ,                  ,     .

     20100-      ,       5000     ,   .      50 ,       .  2014     250    (       ).

 2017      Vivino Market,           .       ,      .

   50 ,    250000.          -. Vivino,     ,    ,  -  .    ,           .

,           .


   ߠ?

     ,  .

             .           .     ,       (, ,    ,  )      .    ,       .

            .    ,   .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/aleksandr-gornyy/50-biznes-modeley-novoy-ekonomiki-uroki-kompaniy-edinorog-70104247/?lfrom=15981740&ffile=1)  .

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