     .     
 


      ,     ,        -                      .       ,              .            IV-XIV .    ( , , ,  ),     (,  ,  ,  ),           ,         .    ,     ,   ,      .





 

     :     



       



RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF PHILOSOPHY SOCIETY OF CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHERS



EDITORIAL BOARD

Vladimir K. SCHOKHIN

INSTITUTE OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Alexey R. FOKIN

INSTITUTE OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Rev. Vladimir SHMALIY

THEOLOGICAL COMISSION OF RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH

Richard SWINBURNE

OXFORD UNIVERSITY

Michael J. MURRAY

UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME

David BRADSHAW

UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY



 

. . 

  

. . 

  

.  

-    

. 

 

. 

  

. 

   PHILOSOPHICAL THEOLOGY -



DAVID BRADSHAW

ARISTOTLE

EAST AND WEST

METAPHYSICS AND THE DIVISION OF CHRISTENDOM



LANGUAGES OF SLAVIC CULTURES

MOSCOW 2012



   . . , . . 



      . 



The volume is published with financial support of the John Templeton Foundation



      ,       .



    : David Bradshaw. Aristotle East and West: Metaphysics and the Division of Christendom. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

 David Bradshaw, 2004

   . .       . . .

     . . .




-     


?? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????

 

 ,         (1257/8)      (theologia philosophica     - theologia sacrae scripturae),          -   .     1928 .        ,    [1 - Tennant F. R. Philosophical Theology. Vol. 1-2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1928-1930.],             (1985)[2 - PlantingaA. Advice to Christian Philosophers //Faith and Philosophy, 1984, Vol. l,p. 253-271.]    ,         ,       .                    ,    ?

,      .           ;      : [3 -       :  :  2010-2011 / .  . . . .:  , 2011, 534 .]     - ,   ,        [4 - Society of Christian Philosophers  ,   1978 .,      Faith and Philosophy.        . .                2000 .    1200 . .: Koistinen  Philosophy of Religion or Religious Philosophy? A Critical Study of Contemporary Anglo-American Approaches. Helsinki: Luther-Agricola-Society, 2000, p. 14.];            ,    2010 .  - .     ,          - ,    .          .

  ,               ,    , ,    ,      .       ,         . . -, . . , . . , . . , . . , . .   ,     ,      ,       [5 -  ,        ,      :  77.    ?      , ,    . , 1907.             :  . . -    XIX . .: , 2002.].       -   ,  ,     ,  ,     [6 - .         ( . .     .  . ., 1999),      - (        ,    ),   , ,       . ,           ,     :  . .   . ., 2004.].   ,     -             . ,       ,    ,   -  ,   -       .

             .    ,        (    )   ,           ,       .      ,    , ,   ,       [7 -  .  :    // .    , 2009,  1, . 55.      ,       ,      .].         (      ),     ,  , ,    ,  -    .           ,   ,   ,       ,   ,   ,     ,    (   ).   ,   ,    ,   (       ,   , ,       . .),      :       (    )  ,      [8 -               ,            ,           ,   .],      ,    ,        ,   ,      .           ,    . ,   ,     ,  [9 -    ,       ,        ,  .     ,   -               .],          .

 , ,   ,   ,          .      ,    ,        -  ,      ,       (  ,          ).              ,           .  ,     ,       ,      ,    ,              ,         ,    ,           ,     ,    [10 -             .].

      :                    - .    ,         ,         .   ,          ,   .

. . , 

 




   


      :     ,         (David Bradshaw),     ,          :      ,        ,    -    (Society of Christian Philosophers),              . ,      ,     ,    ,     [11 -        .      .    .],          ,           -                      .       ,             ,        .             IV-XIV .    ( , , ,  ),     (,  ,  ,  ).      ,          ,   ,      ,   ,        .  ,                  ,         

,    ,         ,            ,     ,   ,      .

    ,       ,    ,    ,          ,                ,        .          ,          -    .          ,    ,  , , ,  ,     ,               ,     .

. . 




 


     ?           . ,     ,        ,    .       ,         ,           .              .       ,     ,      ,    .   ,    ,           ,      ,        ,  .  ,                .

           .        ,      ,       ;            . ,   ,            (, , ),     ,     .         ,  ,        .        ,       ,   ,       ,  .                ,         .       ,         .        ,         .         ,      -  .           , ,  ,    ,        .

   .    ,  ,         .         ,           .    ,         ,       .       ?    ? ,  ,      -  ,        ,       ?    ,       ?              ,      -,           ?

  ,    .     ,               .      , , ,     ,        ,  ,  .       .    ,        ,  ,     .      ,      .       ,      ,         ,     .                    .  ,  ,     ,      .         ,  ,  ,      .

       .       ,    ,   .       ,        :          .             ,    ,      ,   .       ,                 .         ,          .  ,         ,   .

   ,        ,    ,       ,   ,        .        energeia.   ,   -:  , ,          .            .        ,      IV       XIV .  ousia  energeia              ,       (.      .  ,   ).   ,    ,        ,     .               ,         .   ,   ,    ,     energeia.

  ,     energeia      ,  esse,     .  ,       , ipsum esse,            .  ,   esse     ,    :        energeia.   ,  esse   ,     . ,   ,          ,  . , esse        energein katharon,  ,        (     )   .  ,  esse          energeia. ,    ,   esse     ,                 .          energeia    ,   ,           esse  .

     .   ,          ,   energeia     ,          ,    .           ,    ,               .       ,        .   ,      ,  ,   ,   ,  ,  ,    .   ,    ,      ,      ,        ,          ,  .            ,      ,    .  ,     energeia,    ,       .

  ,   ,    ,        ,   .            ,         .      ,    ,          ,      ,  ,   ,      ,   ,   .    ,         ,    ,         .                   .        , ,    ,       ,  ,        .

     .       ,     ( 1-4);        ( 5)    ( 6);       ( 7-8); , ,    ,   ,    ( 9).         ,    ,           .

 ,     . ,     ,    ,        . , ,  1.6.9 :  9  6-  ; De Trinitate .8.11 :  11   8  ,    ,     (    ).   ,     ,  ,    ,      .          .         ,        ,      ,     .  ,            ;     .

 1-5               .         (. ,  ,  ,     )       .     ,  ,  ,          .  2     Journal of the History of Philosophy,   5   Review of Metaphysics    6  7   Journal of Neoplatonic Studies.           .

, ,       .         ,        .             .                 ,   ;  ,        ,       .     , ,  ,         ,         :    , ,  ,         ,         .        ,       ,           .   ,      ,    ,              ,   ,      ,       ,        .       . ,     ,    ; -,       .




 1

 



         energeia,    ,     .         ,  ,                 ,      .       671    ,       .  ,        ,  ,  energeia      (?? ?????)(Met. IX.8 105022).       , -     en  ergon,          .     energos,   , ,   energein,      , .       energeia  -  ,   .      ,    .

        ,     ,    [12 - . Chung-Hwan Chen, Different Meanings of the Term Energeia in the Philosophy of Aristotle, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 17 (1956), 56-65,    .].      ,             ,           .            .  ,          energeia,      ,           .  ,     ,   ,     :         ,        ?     ,      ,   energeia     .

          .        ,   -,    1920-           ,  ,   ,    ,   .       ,  ,   ;      ,       ,   ,     ,        ,    .       .         ,         ,    .            [13 - . Jonathan Barnes, Life and Work, The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle, ed. Jonathan Barnes (Cambridge, 1995), 1-26,     ,  Charlotte Witt, On the Corruption and Generation of Aristotles Thought, Apeiron 24 (1991), 129-145,        .].

    ,              ,    .    ,       ,   .       -,          ,             .          ,     ,           ,  ,    ,  ,     .          ,    ,        [14 -   ,   ,          XII    .   . Michael Pakaluk, Review of Aristotle on the Perfect Life by Anthony Kenny, Ancient Philosophy 15 (1995), 233-245;   G?nther Patzig, Theology and Ontology in Aristotles Metaphysics, Articles on Aristotle, ed. Jonathan Barnes, Malcolm Schofield, and Richard Sorabji (London, 1979), vol. 3, 33-49.    IX   XII,    ,     ,  XII    .].




Energeia   


  energeia     ,     .       (??????)   (??????)   ,  ,    (280b-).      ,  ,     ,   (???????) ,           .       ,  ,   ,    (407-408b)[15 -  ,        ,       ,     .]. ,        (??????)     ((????) ,      ,    ,      (197-199b).

       .           ,     .             ,           .      ,        hexis  to echein. ,   ,    chresthai  energein      .         :   (???????)    ,    (????????)     (1.15 106b19-20)[16 -       ,     ,   .: .   4- . .: , 1975-1984. . .].       (????)  energeia ,      ,     (??????)  chresis[17 - : Top. IV.5 125b15?17.]. ,     chresis  energeia     [18 - Eud. Eth. II.1 passim, Top. 124a31?4, Physica 247b7-9, Rhetorica 1361a23-24, Magna Moralia 1184b10?17, 1208a35?b2.].            :   ,   :           (?????? ? ??????),     (???? ?????????) (1.8 1098b3133).

 ,     energeia   ,   ,    .      ,          .      ,   :  Protrepticus b63-65[19 -     350- ,        .       .     .].    :  ,  (?????????)   ,        ,     ,        - ,         [20 -       (  )  .: . .    / . .. . .: - , 2004. . .].          (energeiai)   ,      ,  ,       .            ((???????).  ,      ,       ;  ,    ,   ,        ,            .       ,         .      ,     .   ,   ,    ,     ;          , , ,     (270c-d).       .    ,      energeia ( ergon);    ,       , ergon     ergon   .

          dynamis  energeia.   ( )     ,          .       ,    :



 ,      : -,      (???????????),  -,      (??? ?????????).      , ,   ,      ,     ,            -.        ,    .         ((?? ??????? ??? ???????),        

  ,         ,         ,     ,     , ,      -  (b79-80)[21 -     ,    ,     : Stephen Menn, The Origins of Aristotles Conception of ????????: ???????? and ???????, Ancient Philosophy 14(1994), 95.].


    . -,   kata dynamin  kat energeian.   kata          dynamisenergeia      .        ;   , ,   kat energeian,       ,  ,   kata dynamin,     .

      ,   ,      .              energeia. -,  ,    ,     ,  ,         ,      [      ,      ]  ,  ,      ,  ,       ,     (b82-83).     ,    :            .      ,  ,      (?? ??????),     ,      .    :



           ,   ,  ,  , ,       (??? ??? ????????? ????????????),    ,    (??????)        (b86).


,      ,      .    ,     (???? ?????)  ;    ,        ; , ,   ,    ,  ,    .         (????????),          (??????).   ,             [22 - . Donald Morrison, The Evidence for Degrees of Being in Aristotle, Classical Quarterly 37 (1987), 3 82-401,       .    b82    ,   ,         (??????),    ,  ,   .].

,  ,      ,             .  De anima II.5         .  ,       ???????) ,      .                 ;          ,        ,  ,    .       ,        ,   ,        .   ,  ,     ,     (??????????)     (41728)[23 -   entelecheia   .].       ,           ,   , ,        ,    ,    -    .

          ,   (  )   .     ,    ,            ,        [24 - . Menn, The Origins of Aristotles Conception of ????????, 88-92.].      ,                   .  ,       ,       ,                   .     ,    ,      .      , ,        -  : ,       ,       ,       .    ,             .            (??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????),            (??? ???? ??? ??????????????????????????) (417b6-7)[25 - .             VII.3.].

          ,           ,    ,     .   VIII.4    ,        .   ,      ,     ,   ,    .     De anima    ,  ,         ,      , ,    []       (?????????),    .  (????????)     ,     ,   ;      ,   ,   -   (255b8-12)[26 - .  De Caelo IV. 1307b32-33, IV.3 311 al12.              (IV.3 31034).].

       energeia   (activity).      :  ,       -    .          ,     ,    ,         .  ,       - .    

,      energeia      ,     .          ,  energeia     ,       .  ,         dynamis  ,       .      energeia   .     ,            .




 energeia  kinesis


      ,    energeia:     IX.3,   energeia        :   energeia     (104730-32).   ,  energeia    ,   .   ,       ,   , ,    .  ,      .

          II. I[27 -   (John Rist, The Mind of Aristotle (Toronto, 1989), 107-113)      ,      .       ,       .].   ,     (?????)     (?????) (12198).   ,        .    ergon     ,       ,       (   ergon    ).       .      ,        ,   ,          (12191317).   (     ):       ergon ,      .      (??????)  energeia(     ),   ,         .

          IX.6,     energeia     (???????) (1048b18-34).          :      , , ,   ;    , , ,  , .     ,      (?????)        ,    .      energeiai,      , ,       (????????? ?? ?????)) (1048b22).                .      ,    ,   , ,    ,    ,   .  ,          ,   ,      .

 ,     ,  .     ,         ,   energeia  kinesis:   .3-4.       ,   ,   ,   ,  ,       energeia  kinesis.           IX.6;           ;  ,    ,   ,     (1174b23),          .   ,    energeia,         X       [28 -     .: Top. VI.8 146b1-19, Nie. Eth. VII. 1213; . Protr. b87  Mag. . 11.1 1204b20-36.  ,       ,       (Rhet. 1.11 1369b3335, . Resp. 583, De . 1.4 408b1-18),   ,   Magna  alia,        ,        VII,         (    ,      ), , ,      X,   ,    ,   ,    ,   .        .].

   .   ,     ,          .      ,         :



    ,       ,     [    ],     ,          . ,       ,    (???????? ??? ?????),    ,   (1173  4-b4).


      .    ??????? (   )       ,      ???????   ,     .              ,    .  ,  -      ,        ,    .      ,       .

             .    ,    ,      ,       , ,  ,    (11741416). ,          IX.6:   ,   energeia       .     :



   , , ,         ,       .      .            (, ,  ),   ,   ,   ,           [].      []               (117417-23).


 ,            ,       (       ),    (   ).      ,         (1174b5).    ,    ,     , ,  , :  ,   , ,   ,       (?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????) (1174b89).

         IX.6,    :






    ,   , ,  .     ,        .  IV. 12 ,           (2214-7).        ,    , , ,   ,       . ( ,     -    ,        ,       ,  ,   ,   .)    ,     :    ,   ,    ,   ,   ,         (21922-25).  ,   ,   ,         .    ,               (219b2).

 , ,    7  ,     ,     5.    ,     ; ,   ,   -,   , ,    (22124-25).  ,     ,    ,     ,   . (        ,       .)  , ,   ,    ,   ,          .    ,          ,         , ,       .

          IX.6 ( 4   ).       .    ,  ,     ()   ,   ,     ()[29 - John Ackrill, Aristotles Distinction Between Energeia and Kinesis New Essays on Plato and Aristotle, ed. R. Bambrough (New York, 1965), 121-141.].    ,           ,            ,           -[30 - Daniel Graham, States and Performances: Aristotles Test, Philosophical Quarterly 30 (1980), 126-127.   ,  energeiai   IX.6  ,      ,     .        ,        : , ,  (enjoy)   ,  ,  ,    .           ,  ,    ,      .        ,        ,     energeia  chrsis (  hexis),     energeia      ,      .].   ,             ,          [31 - Terrence Penner, Verbs and the Identity of Actions, Ryle: A Collection of Critical Essays, ed. O.P. Wood and G. Pitcher (London, 1970), 407-408 and 444^45; F. R. Pickering, Aristotle on Walking, Archiv f?r Geschichte der Philosophie 59 (1979), 40-41; Mark Stone, Aristotles Distinction Between Motion and Activity, History of Philosophy Quarterly 2 (1985), 18.].       ,   (, -,  )     .       ,    ,        ,      (experiential perfect)   ,               ,    .         , ,  ,    [32 - Graham, States and Performances, 124-125.    :    ;   .      .].    .      ,          ( )    ,    .   ,          (    ),    ,   energeiai  ,       .      3:  ,  energeia    ,      , ,  ,   .

, ,  energeia    ,    ,            ,    .  ,     ,    ,        ,        ,    .   ,    ,       ;   ,     ,        [33 -        (Pickering, Aristotle on Walking, 41).].  ,        ,    .   ,     (?????),       ,        .    ,    ,             .     ,     ,       ,         [34 -        ,      energeiakinesis   . ,              :             , ,     ,      ,     ;    ,      ,  : ,  , ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  -  ( VI.1.16.10-14).       (Ackrill, Aristotles Distinction),     .    ,     ,      ,      .].




Energeia  b


         .      ,           :  entelecheia.      ,        ,     ,     telos[35 -   (ergon)   (telos),   (energeia)   (ergon),     (energeia)    (ergon)     (????????? ??????????????????) (Met. IX.8 105021-23).].      ,      ,        ,    .       ,      :    De anima II.5,                (??? ???????????).       VII. 10  ,  ,   ,     ,      (?????????? ?? ??? ???????????) (10366-7).

  ,    ,    ,   ,   ,   ,   .             . ,         V.7,    entelecheia,   energeia.

,  (?? ?????)   (?? ??)    ,     ,    .   ,          ,     .         ,     ,  ,      .      ,     ,  ,      (101735-b6).

   ,         ,     .    ,              ,    .         ,       ,    :       .       ,          (?????)     [36 - De An. 416b3, De Ins . 4614, Eud. Eth. 1219b19.].  ,           entelecheia.     ,         ,         ,       :        :   ,     []        ,        (1017b6-8).       ?? ????? ()  ,          .       :   (???? ???????)    ,       ,    (??? ???????????)    ,     []      (??????????) (V.11 10197-11).

  ,         .    ,             ,    actualitas  potentialitas,       .    ,    ,   , entelecheia,        dynamis         .

          energeia               IX.6:



 (????????)        ,         (???????) (       , ,  [] ,    ,    ,     ,     ,      ,  [  ]  ,   ,    ),     (????????). ,    ,        ,        ,     ,  :      ,          ,   ,      ,   .         ,    (104830-b6).


    ,     ,    actuality   .         .   ,       ,   ,  ,   ,   : ,       ,   . , , ,   ,      ,       ,        ,      ,   [37 - Post. . 1.1 718-9.].                    ,               .    actuality      :    (           actualities),    (   ,     ).      American Heritage Dictionary: 1.     ; . 2. (.)    [38 - 1. The state or fact of being actual; reality. 2. (Plural) Actual conditions or facts. , ,    ,              .].

  energeia     ,         ,    actuality -.          ,                   .      .       ,     energeia   dynamis,     ,     IX.6.         IX.6,  ,          .

  ,  :  versus  .            ,   ,       III. 1.              ,  ,     ,  ,    (20110-11)[39 - ? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ? ????????.       ,   ,   XI.9;       entelecheia  energeia.].     , ,     (??????) ,  ,  ,   (201b133, . Met. XI.9 106620-22).   ,      ,      entelecheia. ,      ,   ,     ,    , .        ,      ,           ,    .

     ,   ,       .      -    ,    .   ,          ? ,    III.3 ,          .      ,                 : ,  ,       ,       (?????)    (?? ?????).          ,  [40 - .  De An. III.2,         .].      IX.8,    ,    (  ),  ,   .  ,         II. 1.          : ,    -    ,  (????????)   ,  , ,    ,        ,  ; ,   -  ,   ,     ,  , ,    ,  ,    ,   ,      (Met. IX.8 10500b 1).

          .     ,          ,   ,     ,   -  ,   .        ,  , , ,     ,  ,    ,  .     ,       .       ,    De anima II.5.  , ,      ,     ,         .   ,      :   ( ),  ;  ,  ;  ,    .

      .   De anima II. 1      ,     (41227-28).         ,    ,       De anima II.5     .      ,   ,          ,      (41222  )[41 -    ,      ,   ;      .      ,           .].            ,           ,    .                VII. 17  VIII.2.

 ,    (?????) ,      .   ,     ,       ,   - ; ,  ,      (Met. VII. 17 1041b4  , VIII.2 10432-4).      VIII.2,         ,    ,    ;      ,  ,   ;         .     ,      ,   ,        energeia   ,   ,    (10434-7).       ,  ,   ,    ,    ,     .

    ,              .   ,                 ,    ,     ,      .          ,     ,         ,     (    De An. II. 1412b25-26).        ,   ,      ,   ;    ,      . , ,     ,      ;      -  .    VIII.6  ,           ,     ,     (1045b18-19).   ,  ,  , ,      ,          ,        .

      ,      . ,   ,       ,     ,   V.7  IX.6.   ,            ,  ,      (????????, ??????????)[42 -     entelecheia . Phys. 2136-8, Met. 1038b4-6, 10449.  De . 412b9  ,  ,    ,   .]    ,         ? ,     ,      dynamis.    ,   ,   dynamis:  ( )     (  ),      ,      ,    . ,     ,      ,    -:      ,    ;     ;    .            . ,   ,             , ,   ,      .       ,      ,   ,  - (  !)    actuality,   ,     .

,     (??  )   ,       :  (  ),  ,  ,    ,      .          IX.6.      :       ,     ,             ,     ,      -  (1048b6-9).    ,   ,      ,           . , , ,           ;          .   ,          .                ,           . ,     ,     ,         IX.6,         .           dynamis ()[43 -   (Michael Frede, Aristotles Notion of Potentiality in Metaphysics ?, Unity, Identity, and Explanation in Aristotles Metaphysics, ed. T.Scaltsas, D.Charles, and M.?L.Gill (Oxford, 1994), 173?193)       dynamis.].

  ,   , ,      ,    :        IV.2.  ,    ,   ,        ,  , ,   ,   .          ,       ?     IX      XII,  ,       .      .




 


 IX.8            :   ()),     .   ,     ,  .      ,    -,      -,        ,    ,  ,        (1049b12-17).      . ,      ,   ,       : -   ,    ,    ,      (1049b19-23).    ,               ,    ,     ,   ,  ,  -  -      (1049b28-29)[44 -  ,        :   ,   ( ,     , , )    (qualitative interaction). . Met. VII.7-9 ( 1034b16-19), Gen. Anim. II.l 734a26ff., Gen. et Corr. 1.5 320b18-22 and 1.7 323b25-24a5,      . . Lloyd, The Principle that the Cause is Greater than its Effect, Phronesis 21 (1976), 146-156,   Alexander Mourelatos, Aristotles Rationalist Account of Qualitative Interaction, Phronesis 29 (1984), 1-16.      ,    VII.7    ,           .         ,      .].       :  ,  ,    -  ,   ,   -         (1049b29-50).   , ,   ,     ,       ,           [45 - . Phys. VI.6.].

     ,  ,      .  ,   ,       ,        .         ,       ,         [46 - Met. V.ll 1019-4, XIII.2 1077b2-3.].    ,      ,  ,  ,   ,    ,    ,   .    -    ,         .     ,    ,        :       ,         [47 - Phys. VIII.7 260b17-19, 26113-20. ,               ,          .].        ,  ,   ,       ,   ,       (II.6 74216-22).

         ,       .

  ( ,      ) :



,  ,      ,   ,          (,    ,     ,      ,    ),   ,      - ,    -  (     ,    ,     );      ,      (Met. 10504-10).


,         .     ,      ,     ,   ,              .      ,       ,  ,   ,       dynamis.

  ,        ((??????????) (1050b6).   :      ,        (1050b6-8).   ,            .          ,      ,    .  ,   ,                .  ,   ,         .     ,  : ,   ,  ,     .     ,         ,   .   ,     ,      ,        (1050b8-16).    ,   ,       ,    ,   ,   ,   ,    ,   -         [48 -  ,      -  ,    . . De Cael. 1.12  Gen. et Corr. 11.11.   , : Sarah Waterlow, Passage and Possibility: A Study of Aristotle s Modal Concepts (Oxford, 1982), 49-78.].  ,  ,    , ,     (????????, 1050b 18)    :   ,       .   ,      , ,           .

                 ,     . ,      ,    -,      ;        .      ,         ,   ,        ,        (1050b20  ).              ,     ,         .

     IX,        ,    .  IX.9   ,  energeia   ,      (10514-5).   ,      ,      [49 -         energeia,       .].   :      ,        ,    .  ,    ,  ,       ,    (10515-15).       .       ,    ? , -,   ,        (        ),      ,     .    ,                [50 - . W.D. Ross, Aristotle s Metaphysics: A Revised Text with Introduction and Commentary, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1924),    .                ,    ,      ,   ,      .      .].  :   ,     ,  ,     ,      ? ,    ,          ,         ,    .   ,     ,     ,  ,   ,      ,   ,    .

     ,    ,   .   ,         (1051 1521).      : (1)   ,    ; (2)        ; (3)      ; (4)      (2)  (3)       .  ,   .           ,   ,  .   ,      ,      ,   ,    [51 - ,   ,     .].       :        (, ,    ),     .

    IX.9   ,   ,      .   ,    ,  ,    ,             .                    XII  .




 2





         ,   energeia.                     .   ,             (???????),      ,             .       energeia  dynamis   .     dynamis,       ,  , ,    energeia,     .   ,   ,       ,         .        ,  ,     , , ,   ,       .  ,       ,   ,  ,  .

       XII.6-10      [52 -   VIII     ,      .].         ,       ,    ,             .      . Energeia,   ,      -  ,        ,    kinesis   IX.6. , ,   ,   ,    ;         .  ,     ,          .           ,   ,    ,      ,   .             .




     xii


 XII.6     .       . (1)      ,            . (2)                     ,     ,            . (3)    ,     . (4)       ,     ,      (????????? 1071b17). (5)       ,           (? ????? ????? ???????  1071b18),           ,       . (6)         (? ????? ????????  1071b20).      ,       , ,       ,     ,     -  (1071b20-22).         (   XII.8).

 (2)  (3)  ,    ,    (   ),  ,  -    .            VIII.6.       (5).        ,       ?       , ,    ?     ,   -        (aKLvr|Tog).          . ,    ,      (3),     ,  ,    ,     ,   ,   ,   [ ],      (107224-25).    ,     VIII.5,     ,   ,    .    XII.7   , ,  ,         ,         .   ,  ,    ,    ,   ,    ,   ,       ; , ,       (10735-11).     ,      ,         ,   ,  ,  ,    [53 -     ,  ,         VIII (257-b1, 26722-23)     VI.4.].

     ,     - ,   ,    .       . ,    ,    .   ,                ,     ,         :         .       ,       ,              ,   ,    (1071b23  ).     ,    ,           .    ,      ?         :      ,      ,          .      ,     ,   .  ,      ,           ,   ,        ,     .     ,         ,            ,       .

    ,               .    ,   ,  ,        ,     .    ,         :   ,    (? ????? ????? ? ???? ??? ??? ????????? 107231-32).     ,   ,         ,     IX.9:  ,               . ,         ,      .        ,   ,   ,      ,   ,   .  ,   ,      ,      par excel-lence,      .  ,       ,   ,      .          (?? ?????).      ,        ,      ,    ,    (107227-b1).

     .     ,  ,   ,      :       .   ,     , ,          .   ,     [54 -                .    ;    ,     () (1072b 10-11).           V.5,  ,         ,    -      (1015b9-15). ,      ,          .  ,          .          ;  ,   ,                ,         ,    .].

         ,     .    XII.7    ,      ,     :   ,  , ,      . ,                 .   ,      ,       .      (     ),       (????? ? ???????? ??????) (1072b14-16).   .       ,  ,        , ,          .    ,        , ,   ,             ,   (??????  1072b24).    ,                  ,     (1072b25ff).

  ,       ,    ,  , .       ????? ? ???????? ??????      .        :     .     ,      .    ,   ,      ,      [55 - , ,      (   )    ,   Nie. Eth. VII,     .     ,     ,          (    Nie. Eth. .4-5);       ,           .]. ,       ,         ,   (4).   ,     ,       .     energeia  kinesis     ,    ,               ,     .     ,   , ,     ,             .  ,   De Anima III.4-5,      .    ,     ,        .     ,       ,       ,         (1072b24).

      :     ,       ?   ,            ?  ,     ?           ,        ,       ?




  ?


      .    VIII       ,   XII    :     ,      .   ,      : ,  ,      ; ,  ,              .     ,          ,     ,    .      ,        ,     ,   ,      . ,      ,     ,  ,       ,    [56 -      . Aristotle s Metaphysics, vol. 1, CXXXIII  ; Joseph Owens, The Relation of God to World in the Metaphysics Etudes sur la Metaphysique dAristote, ed. Pierre Aubenque (Paris, 1979), 207-228; Lloyd Gerson, God and Greek Philosophy (London and New York, 1990), 120-141.        Leo Elders, Aristotle s Theology: A Commentary on Book A of the Metaphysics (Assen, 1972).].

   .       ; ,   ,           ,    ,       (????? ?? ????????  1072b).   XII.8          ,    ,         ,     (?????),          (107419-23).   ,         ,    .      VIII.9,      ,      ,  ,   (26534);  ,             ,     . ,      De Caelo 11.12         ,      (292b10),    (292b22).

            .     [57 -      W. J. Verdenius, Traditional and Personal Elements in Aristotles Religion, Phronesis 5 (1960), 56-70; Thomas De K?ninck, La Pensee de la Pensee chez Aristote, La question de Dieu selon Aristote et Hegel, ed. Thomas De Koninck (Paris, 1991), 69-151; Sarah Broadie, Que fait le premier moteur dAristote? Revue philosophique 183 (1993), 375-411.       .].

(1)      ,     ?     ,     ,        ;        .    ,   XII.6        ,       ,   .  ,        (?????????),    (1071b17),   ,        .     XII.6   XII. 10,      ,       .    ,         (????????? ??? ?????????  1075b31);      ,     -  ,    [58 -  ,  ?????????  ?????????      ,  ,     .     ,   XII.6 (   ????????? ? ?????????  1071b12)    . . Andre Laks, Metaphysics A 7, Aristotle s Metaphysics Lambda: Symposium Aristotelicum, ed. Michael Frede and David Charles (Oxford, 2000), 242.].

(2)    XII.6 ,      - ,    ,      . ,        , ,  ,        .     ,   ,      .    ,        ;   ,           .   ,   ,           ,            (, ,    ).

(3)  , ,       , .   ,        ,  ,         [59 -        (, , ),     ,            De Caelo. . H.A. Wolfson, The Problem of the Souls of the Spheres, from the Byzantine Commentaries on Aristotle through the Arabs and St. Thomas to Kepler, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 16 (1962), 67-93.].     ,  ,  ,  -      .            :   ,   ?            ,  ,            ,    .       ,      ,      ,      ,    ,       .7-8.

(4)   XII.6   XII. 10,   XII    ,  , -,     .       XII.7,      ,     .      ,      ,        ,   ,     ,    .      XII. 10,               .      , ,     ,    ,           ,        [60 - Gen. et Corr. 11.10 336b32-35    ,      ,      .            ,  ,      (, De Gael. 271, Pol. 132632); . Verdenius, Traditional and Personal Elements, 61-62.].

(5) ,   ,         ,   .            ,     ? ,            ,    ,    .    ,  ,      ,    , ,        (Met. IX.8 1050b2830).        XII.7   ,       ,          .

     ,     , ,    , ,      ,    , ,  ,       .   ,    ,           .




,   


  ,    XII.7,     ,      ,        (1072b14-15).   ,      .   ,           ,  :



 ,      (? ?????? ? ??? ?????),      ,      .

         (????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ??????):    ,      ,           .  ,         ,  ;  (???????) ,    ,       ,  ,   ,    ,         (1072b 18-24).


 ,        ,      ,     , , ,   ,     De anima III.7-8.     ,  , ,    ,         .       ,   ,    ,        ,       . ,      ,   ,   ,    , ,       [61 - .  Met. XII.9 1074b23-26.   ,   ,    ,      ,     ,        ,    .       .].

      ,           ,      ,     .         De Anima III.4     :



    []   ,          (? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????????) (  ,    ,    ),          ,   ,  [ ]     ,        (????? ??????????? ??????? ?????) (429b5-9).


        ,           ,    , -,           . ( De anima           , ,  ,            .)[62 -   De anima          (4304, 431b17; . 43020, 431 1).]     ,   De anima  ,   ,      ,         .        Met. XII.7,    . ,      ,       ,               (   )     [63 -   : Michael Wedin, Mind and Imagination in Aristotle (New Haven and London, 1988), 243. ,         ,      .].      ,      ,       .    De anima    .   ,      ,      ,   ,           ;            [64 - . : Richard Norman, Aristotles Philosopher-God, Phronesis 14 (1969), 63-74.      Wedin, Mind and Imagination, 229-245.       ,   ,  ,    .].

    . , , ,          .  -  ,      ,    (De An. III.8 431b26-29).          , ,  ,   (?? vor)x??   vooupevov)  .    De anima III.4,    ,                 .



   ,    .           ,                     .        (       ),      (4302-9).


  ,        ,     ,         ,      qua      [65 - , : Met. VII.10 10368-9, VII.11 103628-29, 103727, VII.15 1039b27-10402.].  ,             ,      ,       ,         ,   ,           .

    ,              .       XII.9.     , ,       ,   (1074b16),     ,          ,  ,    ,   .       ,        (????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? 1074b34).      :       -,   ,     (? ??????)    (?? ?????????)    ?    :



          []:       ,   ,   ,       . , ,           ,    ,       ,         (1074b38-10755).


  ,         ,      ;        .   .          ,             .  ,      .    (    )     ,             noeta   ,      .     ,  ,        .   ,             . , ,     -  ,   ,            ,     ,        ,     .  ,      noeton  noesis   De anima III.2     aistheton  aisthesis:        (425b26-27)[66 -  ,  aisthesis    ,    ,    .      De An. III.2     ,   Phys. III.3,      .].

              .     ,   .       ;   ,        ,           .      ,        , ,   ,  .           ;     ?

          ,         ,  ,         .    ,   ,   ,      .   ,          ,    ?        ,      .         (????)       [67 -    (Stephen Menn, Aristotle and Plato on God as Nous and as the Good, Review of Metaphysics 45 (1992), 554),   ,   ,       ,  .].           ,      .          De anima III.5:



   (? ??? ????????? ????????)   ,   .       ,    ,    [  ].     ,    ,   .   ,   ,   ,      .    ,       ;  ,  ,  (430 19-25).


       ,  ,         .     ;       , , ,   [68 -            : Victor Caston, Aristotles Two Intellects: A Modest Proposal, Phronesis 44 (1999), 199-227.      ,      ,         .].      .     ,    XII.9        . ,    ,   ,        ,          [69 -    XII.9 : the nature of the divine thought involves certain problems [. .:   ()    ].    nous  noesis,        . ,       the most divine of phenomena [. .:     ],      ,       .          .]. ,  ,    ,    ,          ,         ,     .    ,      ,      ,   . , ,   ,      ( ?)                 .       ,           ,    .

       ?        ,        .      ,     .       ,       ,         [70 - . Nie. Eth. .7-8,  ,     ,    (6|1<>. tl 1178b27)   . .  Met. 1.2 9835-98310,   ,    , ,       ,     .].                 ,        .   ,   ,   .

    . ,      ,      ,       ,   ,   (       )    .        XII.9.



 ,  :       (?? ???????? ?? ?????????)?  ,    ,       .   ,    ,  ?        ,    ,     (         [ ],  ,  -   ,      ),       [] ,     ,     (10755-10).


,      . ,    ,  ,   ,    ,  .    :      ,      ,    ,    ,             .       ,      ,     .      ,         ,           ,  ;  ,  ,      ,     ,   .

      ,       .              ,        ,     (    )  .         XII,      De anima III.6.       : ,  ,  ,   ,    ,     (430b610).  ,         ,      .   ,     ,   ,   ,  ,  ,        . ,     ,   ,   ,    ,         .

 ,        ,       .  ,   ,    .       ,   ,          .    ,      , ,  ,               ,       [71 -        : Jonathan Lear, Aristotle: The Desire to Understand (Cambridge, 1988), 303-306.].




   


 ,        -     .   ,        ,       .  , ,      ,     ,     .        ,      ,   ,       . ,    ,           ,        .    ,    ,      ;     ,     ,          (19222-23). ,   :     ,     VII,     ,       ,   [72 - . Met. VII.7 1032b2, VII.11 10375, 103728-b4.     ,  ,      ,   ,          ,      .].

            ,      ,       .           XII. 10.



  ,                       .       ,   ?        ,      ,    :      ,     . [  ]    ,   :  ,  ,  ;    ,        ; -  .      [],  ,     ,       ,  ; ,       [] ,              [],        ,        . ,   ,     ,       ,      []  (10751125).


          ,        ,           ,     ,  .                     ? , ,    ,        ,       [73 -  , ,    ,       ,              End. Eth. 1.8  Nie. Eth. 1.6.     ,    .     ,       (???? ?? ??????),  ,           (1218b711).    ,         .   ,               ,     (VIII.3 1249b 13-23, . 1.8 1217b31).       ,     ,    ,      ;   ,        .].

 ,     ,    ,              ,     [74 -          . . Gen. et Corr. 11.10 336b27-33715, De Cael. 11.12 passim, De An. II.4 415a26-b2, Gen. Anim. II.l 731b20-732a9, Phys. 11.6 198all13.      : Charles Kahn, The Place of the Prime Mover in Aristotles Teleology, Aristotle on Nature and Living Things, ed. Allan Gotthelf (Pittsburgh, 1985), 183-205.].       ,      . ,        ,     Met. XII. 10,      ,      .          ,   ,          .



    ,  ,   ,  (????).     - ,      []  [] (    ,   ,  :  , [],     ) (1075b810).


       , ,    ,   ,  (icivei) nous;    ,            .  ,   ,   ,        . ,          ,        ,   ,    .   ,         ,   ,    ,    ,    ,       . ,   VII.7 :



      [] :     -  -,  ,  -   ,     -  -,  ,   ,   ;  []   ,      ,          ,             ,   ,  ,    ,      ,       (1032b614).


    ,  ,             ,  ,        .   ,   . ,       ,   ,    ,       ,  ,        ,     .     ,       :       []; ,  ,     ,      ;      ;      (II.3 195b22-24).

   XII. 10:       ,       ,     ,        .            ,     ,  nous ,   ,       [75 -     ,   : Phys. II.3 1956-8, III.2 2029, Met. V.2 1013b69, VII.9 103423-24, IX.2 1046b15-24, XII.4 1070b30-34, XII.6 1071b30, De An. III.5 43012, Gen. et Corr. 1.5 320b18-22,1.7 324a30-b6, Gen. Anim. 1.21 729b20,1.22 730b16-18. ,              ,    Gen. et Corr. 1.7 324b 15  ,         .  ,    ,     ,      ,      .  ,    ,     XII.4 (1070b30-34),   ,          ,     .      (Rolf George, An Argument for Divine Omniscience in Aristotle, Apeiron 22 (1989), 61-74),     .       ,      ,   : Caston, Aristotles Two Intellects, 219-224.        (    ),  ,          .].

 ,     ,   ,      [76 -  : Lindsay Judson, Heavenly Motion and the Unmoved Mover, Self-Motion: From Aristotle to Newton, ed. Mary Louise Gill and James Lennox (Princeton, 1994), 164-167,  Michael Frede, Introduction, Aristotle s Metaphysics Lambda: Symposium Aristotelicum, ed. Michael Frede and David Charles (Oxford, 2000), 43-47.                 .].       ,       (       ,   ),       ?????? ???????,      [77 - Gregory Vlastos, A Note on the Unmoved Mover, Philosophical Quarterly 13 (1963), 246-247. 29.].           ,           ,           ,    .     ,        , ,     ,       ,    ,      [78 -     : Gerson, God and Greek Philosophy (e. g., 119, 126, 134); cp. Gerson, Causality, Univocity, and First Philosophy in Metaphysics II, Ancient Philosophy 11 (1991), 331-349.].    ,  ,     . ,       ,       ,  , ,  , ,   ,    ,     , , ,  ,    [79 -      Gen. et Corr. 1.7 32430-b6,  ,    ,        .].      ,          .

   ,      ,      .      :       ,                  .    ,            II.7.       ,          ,       ,      (  ).         ,    ,   ,        ,       (19824-29).      :



 ,   ,  :     ,         .  ,  ,  ; ,      ,        (?? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ? ?????),      . ,      ,    []   (19835-b5).


       . , ,    ,           ,   ,     ,     (?? ??????).   ,   ,    ,   ,   ?            XII,      .    ,           ;          .

     :               ?   VI. 1    ,     .   :   -  ,   ,        .      ,          ,    []   ,    (102627-31).      ,  ,      (??   ),      ,     .         ,    , , .  , ,    nous    .  , ,   ,      ,  nous       ,    . ,       :         ,        ;        ,       .    ,    ,   nous    ,  ,   .     ,           ((? ???? ?? ????? ???? 1.9 19234)[80 - .  Patzig, Theology and Ontology,  Michael Frede, The Unity of Special and General Metaphysics, Essays in Ancient Philosophy (Minneapolis, 1987), 81-95.             ,     .].

       ?       ,         ,   .              .  ,      ,  ,  ,   ,   .            ,      (     ),     ,     .  ,          . ,   ,  ,   ,    ,   .    XII.7,          ,    .     ,   ,    ,       ;     ,       ,            [81 -    ,          . (   De Gael 11.12 ,       .)        XII        .].      ,   .         :   ,         .        ,       ,     (???????? ?????????),      ,    (VII. 14 1154b2528).

     ,    .  energeia  kinesis,         ,          ,     .        ,  energeia      ,      ,      .         XII.      ;                ,          . , ,          .        ,   ,    .




 3

   



             . ,  ,     Corpus Aristotelicum,  ,  , ,        .    -    ,    ,     .    ,             energeia.   ,          II   P. X.          [82 - . W. K. C. Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy, vol. 6 (Cambridge, 1981), 49-59.].     .     ,       ,    ,     .         ,       .        ,    II   P. X.     ,          . ,   I   P. X.         .     ,   ,    [83 - ,  XIII. 1.54; , Sulla 26.].

       .   ,    , ,       ,            . ,  ,     .     ,    ,   ,       ,        [84 - . Guthrie, History, vol. 6, 59-65,  .. Gottschalk, Aristotelian Philosophy in the Roman World from the Time of Cicero to the End of the Second Century a.d., Aufstieg und Niedergang der R?mischen Welt II. 36.2 (1987), 1083-1088.].    ,    energeia       . ,      .      ,        ,      ,     [85 - Stobaeus, Anthologie on IV.32.21.].       ,    ,      .        ,          ,            .          .       ,  ,       energeia.




   


,               .        .         ,      , ,  ,    ,      ,    ,   , ,     [86 -      XIX.29 9206,  ,   (????????)      .].           ,   ,               .

          ,  [87 - Philodemus, Rhetorica 34 (= Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, ed. H. Diels and W. Kranz, 75b1).].                      . ,     energeia,        :        ,   (evepyouvxa),      (????????v),                  .        (?? 5uvacr0ai)    , ,           .

        ,     :        ,    (???? ??????? ????????)     ( .  ,     . .136)[88 -    ,    ????????     ,      Kivrjaiv.     ,       evaQyeia  , .        ,   ,     ????????  evaQyeia  .      :           (.48, 52).].          ( )   ,    .      ,      ,         ;        ,       . ,             ,    .     ,      .  ,   ,      ,   ,         [89 -     ,       :    ,    (Nie. Eth. VII. 14 1154b28).            energeia akinesias,         ,     .].

   ,          ,            [90 - .   Stoic or um Veterum Fragmenta.].     ,       [91 - Diogenes Laert. VIL52, 98, 112; Sextus, Pyr. III.169,Adv. Math. XL23.].          -        .  ,             energeia.        ,     .          ,     energeia  kinesis.    dynamis   ,       ,   ,      .                       .     ,  ,  - ,      .

    ,       ,       .        III. 1,      energeia,   entelecheia, ,  ,    ,         [92 - Fr. 153a-c Fortenbaugh.]. ,      VIII.2,        energeia,    ,       [93 - Fr. 152; . Theophrastus, Metaphysica 811,   (^))      (???????? ??? ?????????).].      唻    ,         energeia,    De Anima.              .  ,      - ,    (??? ????????? ????),        ,        ,        (Fr. 307, 320).     ,        ,    ,         (Fr. 317-19).

      energeia        . ,        ,     ,     .           ,        .      :



         [] .   ,  [  ]   ,    []  ;        (?????)   ,   .      (?????????)     ,   []     ,           ,       ,   ,   ,   ,    .     [],         (7b9-22)

     ,         .    (????????)        ,    (??????),    ,         (   [   ]   ), ,         ,     [ ]    ,  [ ]   .      .  ,         ,     ,         [ ]     ,     ?         ,   [] (109-21)[94 -  . . .].


    ,      ,   ,            .  ,         .       ,    ,        ,     energeia          ,   . ,      energeia  kinesis     ,        energeia  kinesis.  ,     ,   ,     .             ,  ,        . , ,        ,  energeia    kinesis,   ,         .

 , , ,    ,       De Caelo,       ,     ,  .              ,  .       ,       .                      (-,       ) (56-8).   ,        ,    ,             ,     .   ,     ,       ,   ,   .                        [95 - . Glenn Most, The Relative Date of Theophrastus Metaphysics Theophrastean Studies: On Natural Science, Physics and Metaphysics, Ethics, Religion, and Rhetoric, ed. William Fortenbaugh and Robert Sharpies (New Brunswick, 1988), 233-237; ., ,    (van Raalte)  ,     .].       ,    ,  ,             ,       energeia.   ,          ,          .  ,            (,   ,     ),     ,         .           ,    ,          .

   energeia      [96 -      . Die Schule des Aristoteles, vol. 5, Fr. 74, 134; vol. 8, Fr. 37a.].          .    ,      ,            .     ,                .    ,          ,    ,       .       (VII. 14),    energeia akinesias,     -   .       ,    ,   ,     ,        ;             ,        ,    [97 - Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca, 23 vols. (Berlin, 1882-1909), vol. 19.1, 157.10-12.     VIII,     ,         .3-4.].

 ,        P. X.     energeia    .      ,          .




      energeia


       energeia    ,        .           III   II   P. X. , ,  ;      ,       ,        .     ,    :      (????????)  ,  ,      [98 - Antigonus. Historiarum mirabilium collectio, 168.1 // Paradoxographorum Graecorum Reliquae, ed. Alexander Giannini (Milan, 1965), 104.].

          ,       150   P. X.        energeia        ,     : .  ,     , , ,       . , ,  ,          ,     (???? ??? ?????????) (VIII.7.2),   ,      .              :           (??? ??? ??? ??????????? ?????????) (XVI.23.5).      ,  ,    ,      .           .   ,   ,     ,  ,      ,         (????????g)   (XII.25h.3). ,    ,   ,   : , , [ ] ,   , []  ,   (?????????),    ,      , , []       (XXXIV.4.2-4).

           .    ,      ,      .       : [  ]  []  [] ,       ,  ,   ,    . ,      : ,    (????????) (1410bǗ36).        ,    111.11        :



 ,      ,      (??????????), , ,    ,   (    ),      (???????? ?????????).         ,  :  ,   .  :  ,   养 (,   , 80).       ,     (1411b2431)[99 -      .: . .  / . . . .: , 2000. . .].


   ,           ?                 ?     (???????? ????????v)   ;    111.10          ,    ,  ,   . ,  ,               .

   ,      ,       ( - ,   )    ,     .  ,           ,         .      .   ,  ,   -   (  )        . ,          ,      ,  ,     .  , -   ,   III. 10-11      ,    ?     ,       -   ,  ,         energeia  dynamis (     ),      ,   -    .

    ,  ,       .           , ,   ,     .   energeia       ,       (energy). ,     ,       .    American Heritage Dictionary:



1..     . b.    . 2.     :  ,   . 3. ( .) ,     :     . 4. ( ) ,     ,        .


    : 0. , ,     0  3         energeia        .  4   , ,  ,   ,      ,      XIX ,       ,       .

   energeia        :  ,  ,      .       ,      energeia.     ,       (1.2.17),     ,        .  , ,        .      111.1011,   ,    - ,     energeia        . ,       (,   , . 50-100 .  P. X.)  [100 -        .    (W. Rhys Roberts)       Loeb Classical Library.]:



  ,       (? ???? ????????? ?????????),      (??????????),      ,   ,  :  , ,   ,     (,  IV, 126); : [] ,    ( , XIII, 799).   ,        [],    (????????ig)   (II.81)[101 -  . . .].


     ,   ,       ,       ,      ,        ,    .        I   P. X.   .  ,   ,           (?????????) (alia De Pythiae oraculis 398A).        : ????????,   ;      (est enim ab agendo ducta),      ,  ,   ,    (VIII.3.89).      ,  ,  energeia            [102 -             ,    .  (Scaliger) : Efficaciam Graeci ????????v vocant. Ea est orationis repraesentantis rem excellenti modo [   .   ,      ] (tices libri septem [Lyon, 1561; repr. 1964], 116).        ,  energia (   ),  (Apology for Poetry [1581; repr. Oxford, 1966], 70).       ,     .  Oxford English Dictionary,           ;        .].

          ,  . 60-30 .  P. X.      ,  .        energeia  ,              ,    ,   - ,           .           ,        ,       . ,    ,     ,       (??? ????????? ??? ??????????) (XVII.30.7).               (? ??? ??? ??????? ????????) (XVII.4.5, XVII.7.2, cf. XVI.86.1).    ,        ,    ,      [  ]  (???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????) (1.48.2; . V.74.4).     ,  ,       ,        (??? ??????? ?????????) (1.74.5)    ,    (??? ??????? ?????????),        (II.52.7).

    ,          - .            (??????????)  ,   ;      ,  , .             .     ,       ,      (????? ????? ?????????),       (XV.48.1).      ,    ,    ,     ; ,      ,        .    ,   ,    ,    .  ,       (XI. 14.4).  energeia     ,          ;         .

               .     -        (???? ????????)[103 - Sect. 266, ed. Hadas.        energeia     .    .   (Hadas),   130 .  P. X.].               :      ,    ,       (??? ????????? ??? ????)[104 - Eusebius, Praep. Evang. VIII.10.12.      -    ;          (170-150),    ,     . . Hadas, Ar is teas to Philocrates, 26-27.].             ,   124   P. X.  ,    IV   ,    .     ,    ,    ,           ((?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????) (3:29).  ,        (    ),   ,      ,         ,     .         ,  ,    -   ,     .     ,          :      (energy)   (power)[105 -   ,   , . III  4:21, 5:12  5:28.].

               ,    .     ,  ,      .     energeia  ,   .           ,        ,   ,    [106 -       ,  .].   ,   ,  ,    I   P. X.  De Virtutibus Herbarum,        .      ,   ,     ,     ,  ,    ,     ,   [107 - . I.proem.31, 1.2.2, 1.2.6, 1.4.3, 1.8.2, Il.proem.l, .2.8 (ed. Friedrich).     .   . 6.]. BI   P. X.      .     ,        [108 - Pneumatica I. proem, 1.3, 1.7, De Automatis i.7, i.8, Mechanicorum Frag-menta II, Fr. 4 (ed. Schmidt, vol. 1, p. 2, 40, 56, 340, 342; vol. 2, p. 280).].     Materia Medica ,    ,    , ,  ,   [109 - 1.30.2,1.59.3,1.123.2, IV.64.6, IV.166.2, V.79.8, V.l 11.1.].       ,   []  (??? ??????? ????????v)[110 - 1.25, 31, 33, 38, 43; cf. 11.27-28.].   ,   ,      ,       .         ,   energeiai ,   , ,  ,    - ,      ,   ,  [111 -  (S. Sambursky, The Physical World of Late Antiquity (Princeton, 1962), 110) ,      .   ,       ,   ,     energeia      ,      ,  .].

       ,     II .   , ,  ,  ,     -    ,      ,  .       ,           .         (??????? ????????).   drastike   ,      ,      . ,    ,  ,   ,  ,        :    [112 - Galen, De Methodo Medendi 1.6.1 (Kuhn vol. 10, 46); cf. ibid. II.3.3, De Naturalibus Facultatibus 1.2; De Usu Partium XVII. 1; De Placitis VI. 1.        : energeia    .         ,        ,     (,  ).         .]. ,    ,  ,  ,    ,   ,      ,     (????????)    () ,  [113 - De Placitis VI. 1 (De Lacy vol. 2, 360).].      III.3,  energeiai         . ,    ,              energeia,     pathos.    ,   ,      .    energeia  ,       ;     ,       .         kinesis,     kinesis    .

    energeia     ,     .  ,       (???????), ,  ,     (?????),  ,   (?????).       :



,      ,       ,    ;   ,  [ ]    (????????g),  ,  ,  [] .      -      ,    ,   , ,        .        ,    . ,  ,      [],      []  ,      ,         ,    . ,     ,     ,      ;         ,         [114 - Nat. Fac. 1.4 (K?hn. Vol. 2, 9).  . . .].


         .      ,          .     ,   ,     dynamis,   . ,   ,    dynamis     ;   ,      -,      .

             , ,   .  De anima II.4.  ,    ,      ,     (????????i)     (????????) (41518-20).     (    )     (    ).        ,         ,  ,    ,        ,      . ,            .  ,        , ,     ,           (477c-d).  ,     ,     dynamis  energeia.

           ,     :  .     ,   ,            ,     .     -   , ousia, ,      ,      ,   .       ,         :   ,    ,     ,   (ev?Qyou|a?va)  :  , ,     .  ,       ,     ,    ,    ,      .     ,    ,   ,     ,   [ ],      ,  [115 - Subst. Nat. Fac. (K?hn. Vol. 4, 760); .  R. J. Hankinson, Galens Anatomy of the Soul, Phronesis 36 (1991), 201-208.].

 ,        ,  ,   ,    (ousiai),   . ,   dynamis    energeia   ousia,         .     ,            .




 


  ,        (  ),    .     ,       - . ,       ,       ,   (. 30  P. X. 45  P. X.).      ,          ;       ,    ,  -  ,  ,        .   ,     ,      ,   :  ,      ,        [116 - David Runia, Philo and the Church Fathers: A Collection of Essays (Leiden, 1995), 189.].

    energeia      ,     ,    .      ,        ,         .             ,      (????)      ((? ???????? ??? ?????????).         ,  :           ( 2:23).      ,   ,        ,   :



    (??? ??? ????????? ????????)  , ,          .  , ,  ,        (???????)    ,     ,    (????????? ??????????? ?????????????),    , ,      ,        (Leg All II.40)[117 -  A. P. .].


                 energeia  dynamis.            ,        ,        - , ,  ,   [118 -   ,        ,    -,   ,    entelecheia (De opif mundi. Op. 47, Leg. All. 1.100,11.73).].

   ,  , .  ,    ,      ,      -:    ,   ;     ,     .   ,   ,       ,  .     ,    ,       ,   ,       .



   ,     ,   .    []   ,      (??????????)  ,    ,  ,      (????????v),         ,   ,      (),      . ,          (Cher. 87-90)[119 -     .:  .   . ., 2000. . .].


   ,  ,        ,  .      ,     ,   poiein (   )   .      ,      . ,       ,  :   []   ,     ,      .       (?????),     ,    ,     ; ,  ,    ,        (???? ??? ????) (Leg. All. 1.5-6, cf. 16-18).        De Providentia:



     .      ,     ,     ,          .      ,    ,      .  ,  ,         ,        :        ,    (Prov. I.7)[120 -         ;         (David Winston, Philo of Alexandria (New York, 1981), 15).].


     ,   ,    .    De Providentia         ,   ,      .     ,      .

     ,    ,       ,    ,      ,            .  ,      ,      : ??? ???? ? ??,   .



  ,           (???? ?? ????? ?????????),         (?? ?? ????? ?????????).

        :    ( 3:14),  ,   ,     (??? ????? ???? ?? ?????),      ???? ?? ????? ?????????) (Det. 160)[121 - .   : Quod Deus 55, Mut. 11-12,  Mos. 1.75.   : Runia, Philo and the Church Fathers, . 1 11.    .:  .   . ., 2000. . .].


      ,  ,           ,    , ,    .       .  :         ,  ,  -    ,    ?       (?????),     ,     . ,   ,       ,      ,        (Cher. 77-78)[122 -  ,  poiein   ,   .      . . , . 40. . .].         ,       (???) ,   -   :   [] ,   ,  ,      (?? ????????? ????????i),    ,              (Cher. 128).

 ,     ,        . ,              3:14,    ,       .     ,    energeia         .  ,           , ,  ,          .           ,     ,        [123 - . John Dillon, The Middle Platonists (London, 1977), 158-170; Winston, Philo of Alexandria, 23-24.   ,           (. 24),    (Spec. Leg. I.47-48, 329).].       ,                ,   ,           ,   [124 -  ,          : Quis Her. 107-108,119, Leg. All. 1.48-49, 82, II.4647,      IV    : Winston, Philo of Alexandria, 33.      De Sacrificiis 68,        (?????? ???????),    .                   .].

, ,   ,  ,      ;      .   ,          ,       .      :     ,     .   ,          ,   ,    ,      .          (?????),     ,    ,       .   [125 - .  Post. 19-20, Quod Deus 62, Fug. 164-165, Mut. 7-9, Spec. Leg. 1.32-50, Praem. 39^0.]:



       [  ]   ,      ;       []  [ ]  (?????g)     ,    -  .   ,   ,       ,        ,      ,     ,        ( 33:23);  : ,    ,     ,       ;                    ,  ,     [] ,      , ,      ,     []      (???????) (Post. 168-169)[126 -     .:  .   . ., 2000. . .].


  ,  ,            .        .   ,            ,   .  ,        .   :



     (???? ??? ??????)   ,             (????????g).  ,    , ,       ,        ,         ,   ,  ,        ,         ,               .         ,    ,      ,  ,  ,  ,         . ,  ,      -     .        [] ,  []  (Spec.Leg. I.47-49)[127 -  . . . . .].


  ,    energeia      ousia.   energeiadynamisousia  ,       [128 -    ,     ;    ,  ,     .]. ,     ,  ,   (        )    .  , ,     ,      ,        .     ,      ,   .           ,    ,      ,     .

       ,    ousia  energeia,            .       ,       ,      ,    ,  ousia  energeia:            ,      ,    .   ,     .      ,     ,   ,   ,     ,      ,   ,    energeiai.      ,  ,     ,   ,      ,       [129 -    . Leg. All. III. 100-102; Abr. 122-123; Praem. 37-40, 45-46.       The Vision of God in Philo of Alexandria, American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 72 (1998), 483-500.].          ,       ,         .




  


   ,              ,       ,  .        ,    ,       .        ,        ,   [130 - .Dillon, The Middle Platonists, 361-379 ()  267-306 ().    ,            , . John Peter Kenney, Theism and Divine Production in Ancient Realist Theology, God and Creation: An Ecumenical Symposium, ed. David Burrell and Bernard McGinn (Notre Dame, 1990), 57-80.].           energeia, ,      ,      .

        :          ,     .    ,    [131 -        .: . . . . 4. ., 1994.](312).         ,             [132 -    . John Rist, Neopythagoreanism and Platos Second Letter, Phronesis 10 (1965), 78-81,       I   P. X.].      .     , ,   ,    (      ),    ,     .   ,    ,   .       :



     ,     ,   ,      (??????),   ,      ,    - :  , ,    ,   ,      ,      (Fr. 17)[133 - Ed. Des Places.  . . .].


   ,       ,   :       ,     ,  .        ,     .   ,  ,  ,  ,    ,       .              ,   ,             (Fr. 11).  , ,    .   ,          ,    ,    (Fr. 12).     ,      ,            (Fr. 18). , , ,      , ,  ,           ,    (Fr. 22).     ,      ,          (Fr. 19, 20).       ,   ,       ,  ,      . ,     ,   .

           ,   (  Fr. 17). , ,     (       ),          .   ,   ,   ,   ,      ,    :



        . ,       ,      ;   [] ,   []  ,    ,  , ,  ,   ,     (??????? ????????),        ,     [   ???????] (Fr. 15)[134 -  . . .].


         ,  ,      .          ,   ,               .   kinesis symphytos ,  ,     energeia akinesias.   .   ,   ,       .     ,    ,       .  ,    ,      (    )     .

  ,    ,     .      Didaskalikos,    [135 -    ,         ,    .     ,          Didaskalikos,  .   II   P. X.     .].      :

[ ]  (???????)   [. .    ],   ,    ,   ,      ,  .        .      ,       ,    ,   :         (???????),       (???? ? ???????? ????? ???? ???????)       ,             , ,   ,     (Didask. 10)[136 -         .: .    / . . .  // . . . . 4. ., 1994. . 625-663. . .].

  ,    ,      .        XII.6  XII.7 ,  ,     (???????),   ,        . (     ,      .)   ,            ,     XII.9. , ,      ,   ,   ,   ,      ,         ????.

,            .          ,         . (,           ,       ,      .)      ,  :  ,  ,    ,  ,    , ,  ,  ,                  ,  , ,    ,           (Didask. 14 XIV.3).  ,      ;    ,             ,        .

            ,   .    ,        ,        , ,  ,    .




 


        ,       , ,  .      ,            -  198  209   P. X.[137 - . R.W. Sharpies, Alexander of Aphrodisias: Scholasticism and Innovation, Aufstieg und Niedergang der R?mischen Welt ii. 36.2 (1987),1177-1178.]     ,      ,      ,      ,        ,       .  ,    ,        ,    ,     ,    VI-XIV  .               ,    ,      .

             .        ,       ,      .   De anima III.4      ,         .     ,    ,      ,     .       :      ,  . , ,      ,  ,   ,   -     (????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????) (429a21-24).      ,   ;    ,  ,      ,         -    .

    ,     .        ,   ,       ?        ,        :                ,    .  De anima III.5      . ,     ,         ,         .



     ,   , ,       (      ),        []   , , ,     ,  ,  ,       .  , ,   ,  ,   ,    ,  ,   ,  .       ,   .         ,      ,      (?? ????? ?? ????????) (43010-18).


    XII, energeia         . ,   ,         ;      ;       ,  ,   ,    ,         .

   ,    ,    ,    ,   .        (? ???? ???? ????). ,   ,  ,       ,   ,       ,  ,     (??? ????????? ???????????)[138 - De anima 86.1-3 // Commentaria in Arostotelem Graeca. Suppl. 2.1. Ed. I. Bruns. Berlin, 1887.].  ,   ,   De anima III.4-5,    ,            .        ,      .   ,           .           , ,                     ,    ,        ,       ,       (. 83.5-10).                   (. 85.12-20).

      , ,  . ,  ,       (??? ????????v),  ,      (. 86.4-5).               (86.14-23).   .     ,       De Anima III.5.   ,       ,      (?????????),        (. 88.23-24).  ,              :   ,    ,   ,           .     ,              ,   ,    ,    .

    ,         :



  [   ]   ,           (?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????)      .     ,            ,         .   , ,     ,    ,   ,     ;     ,         ,      .            [ ].  ,           ,       ,      (. 88.24-89.6)[139 -  . . .].


   ,             ,     ,  ,         ,      .   , ,   ,    -,       ,       [140 - . Sharpies, Alexander of Aphrodisias, 1206-1207,    .].  ,      ,     .               ,       , ,      ,     ,        (. 89.6-7).  ,    -  , ,       ,     ;      ,      ,             IX.8.         : ,  -   ,       .

       .          ,    .  De anima III.5     ,  , ,           .  ,    ,      ,       .  ,         ,       ( )     .    :       ,        - ,         ,   ad infinitum    ,        .      :       ,     (  )        ,       .    ,      ,             [141 -        ,   ,        .].

   ,         ,         ,  ,    energeia  ,      (. 89.17).        ,    .           .      ,    ,   :   [ ]    ,   ,     ,    , ,  ,   ,        (. 89.17-18).  ,           .

 ,  ,   ,  ,   ,     ,      (?? ?????) ,     (. 89.9-11).

         [142 -    : Guthrie, History, vol. 6, 322-330; Charles Kahn, The Role of nous in the Cognition of First Principles in Posterior Analytics 11.19, Aristotle on Science: The Posterior Analytics, ed. Enrico Berti (Padua, 1981), 385414; Rist, Mind of Aristotle, 180-182.  . Wedin, Mind and Imagination in Aristotle, 220-229.].      , -    ,            ,    .       ,       ,    .       ;     ,                .  ,           ,    .  ;        ,       .     ,        ,       ,   .        energeia    .




 4

    



   (. 205-270),         .     , , , ,   ,   -  ,     .     ,         ,  . -              ,          .



     ,   ,    ,  ,         ,   ,   .        ,  ,    ,          ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     , ,   ,   (14)[143 - . . JI.  //  . ., 1979. . 468. . .].


.     ,     ,           ,   ,     .  ,        ;   ,  ,  , .

          , ,         ,  energeia,    .                    ,     V.4     .   ,           .      ,   ,  ,  ,        .




     v.4


 V.4 [7]    ,      ,    ,  [144 -          ,   (  4-6).       ,    .].           , ,    ,   (????),     ,     .        ,          .      ,          .  ,   ,      :



  :  ,   , ,        ,      ;        ,   ,   ,     ,  ,  ,  ,   [ ]: ,  ,  ,       [  ],             .             ,     (????????),        ? (V.4.1.26-36)[145 -    .: .  1-11 / . . . . .: , 2007. . .].


            .    De Anima,      ,         (  ,   ),        .      ,        (II.4 41526-b2).          ,  ,   , ,           (207-208b).          (ndvxa).         ,      .     ,         - ,              [146 - . Kahn, The Place of the Prime Mover in Aristotles Teleology.].      ,            ,       De Anima. ,  ,              .                 (29),    ,       -  (??????).

    ,      ,     ,          .    ,     ,       .        nous,  . ,  ,    ,          ,  nous      .         .        :    ,   ,  ,      (V.4.2.4-7, . . De An. III.4 42913-18).     nous    [147 -  V.4.2     ,         (, V.9.5, V.5.1-2, V.3.5).].  nous    ,     , nous      .  nous      , , ,        . ( , ,  ,    .)        .    :     ,     ,       .         :  ,      (V.4.2.22, . Timaeus 42).

      -         :  -    ,      ?    ,     energeia[148 - Energeia       ,    ,         . . IV.7[2].83, III.l[3].l, V.9[5].4, 8,  IV.8[6].5.].



       (???????? ??? ??????),       (?? ??? ??????).         (? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????????); ,   ,     ,     . , :          ,  ,     ,        ,     .     ,       :        ,   ,    ,        (???????? ????????g),    (????????? ???????),       ,  ,     ,        ,      .       (??????? ??????),      (V.4.2.27-39)[149 -    .: .  1-11 / . . . . .: , 2007. . .]





  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/devid-bredshou/aristotel-na-vostoke-i-na-zapade-metafizika-i-razdelenie-hristianskogo-mira/?lfrom=15981740&ffile=1)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Tennant F. R. Philosophical Theology. Vol. 1-2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1928-1930.




2


PlantingaA. Advice to Christian Philosophers //Faith and Philosophy, 1984, Vol. l,p. 253-271.




3


      :  :  2010-2011 / .  . . . .:  , 2011, 534 .




4


Society of Christian Philosophers  ,   1978 .,      Faith and Philosophy.        . .                2000 .    1200 . .: Koistinen  Philosophy of Religion or Religious Philosophy? A Critical Study of Contemporary Anglo-American Approaches. Helsinki: Luther-Agricola-Society, 2000, p. 14.




5


 ,        ,      :  77.    ?      , ,    . , 1907.             :  . . -    XIX . .: , 2002.




6


.         ( . .     .  . ., 1999),      - (        ,    ),   , ,       . ,           ,     :  . .   . ., 2004.




7


 .  :    // .    , 2009,  1, . 55.      ,       ,      .




8


              ,            ,           ,   .




9


   ,       ,        ,  .     ,   -               .




10


            .




11


       .      .    .




12


. Chung-Hwan Chen, Different Meanings of the Term Energeia in the Philosophy of Aristotle, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 17 (1956), 56-65,    .




13


. Jonathan Barnes, Life and Work, The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle, ed. Jonathan Barnes (Cambridge, 1995), 1-26,     ,  Charlotte Witt, On the Corruption and Generation of Aristotles Thought, Apeiron 24 (1991), 129-145,        .




14


  ,   ,          XII    .   . Michael Pakaluk, Review of Aristotle on the Perfect Life by Anthony Kenny, Ancient Philosophy 15 (1995), 233-245;   G?nther Patzig, Theology and Ontology in Aristotles Metaphysics, Articles on Aristotle, ed. Jonathan Barnes, Malcolm Schofield, and Richard Sorabji (London, 1979), vol. 3, 33-49.    IX   XII,    ,     ,  XII    .




15


 ,        ,       ,     .




16


      ,     ,   .: .   4- . .: , 1975-1984. . .




17


: Top. IV.5 125b15?17.




18


Eud. Eth. II.1 passim, Top. 124a31?4, Physica 247b7-9, Rhetorica 1361a23-24, Magna Moralia 1184b10?17, 1208a35?b2.




19


    350- ,        .       .     .




20


      (  )  .: . .    / . .. . .: - , 2004. . .




21


    ,    ,     : Stephen Menn, The Origins of Aristotles Conception of ????????: ???????? and ???????, Ancient Philosophy 14(1994), 95.




22


. Donald Morrison, The Evidence for Degrees of Being in Aristotle, Classical Quarterly 37 (1987), 3 82-401,       .    b82    ,   ,         (??????),    ,  ,   .




23


  entelecheia   .




24


. Menn, The Origins of Aristotles Conception of ????????, 88-92.




25


.             VII.3.




26


.  De Caelo IV. 1307b32-33, IV.3 311 al12.              (IV.3 31034).




27


  (John Rist, The Mind of Aristotle (Toronto, 1989), 107-113)      ,      .       ,       .




28


    .: Top. VI.8 146b1-19, Nie. Eth. VII. 1213; . Protr. b87  Mag. . 11.1 1204b20-36.  ,       ,       (Rhet. 1.11 1369b3335, . Resp. 583, De . 1.4 408b1-18),   ,   Magna  alia,        ,        VII,         (    ,      ), , ,      X,   ,    ,   ,    ,   .        .




29


John Ackrill, Aristotles Distinction Between Energeia and Kinesis New Essays on Plato and Aristotle, ed. R. Bambrough (New York, 1965), 121-141.




30


Daniel Graham, States and Performances: Aristotles Test, Philosophical Quarterly 30 (1980), 126-127.   ,  energeiai   IX.6  ,      ,     .        ,        : , ,  (enjoy)   ,  ,  ,    .           ,  ,    ,      .        ,        ,     energeia  chrsis (  hexis),     energeia      ,      .




31


Terrence Penner, Verbs and the Identity of Actions, Ryle: A Collection of Critical Essays, ed. O.P. Wood and G. Pitcher (London, 1970), 407-408 and 444^45; F. R. Pickering, Aristotle on Walking, Archiv f?r Geschichte der Philosophie 59 (1979), 40-41; Mark Stone, Aristotles Distinction Between Motion and Activity, History of Philosophy Quarterly 2 (1985), 18.




32


Graham, States and Performances, 124-125.    :    ;   .      .




33


       (Pickering, Aristotle on Walking, 41).




34


       ,      energeiakinesis   .

 ,              :             , ,     ,      ,     ;    ,      ,  : ,  , ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  -  ( VI.1.16.10-14).       (Ackrill, Aristotles Distinction),     .    ,     ,      ,      .




35


  (ergon)   (telos),   (energeia)   (ergon),     (energeia)    (ergon)     (????????? ??????????????????) (Met. IX.8 105021-23).




36


De An. 416b3, De Ins . 4614, Eud. Eth. 1219b19.




37


Post. . 1.1 718-9.




38


1. The state or fact of being actual; reality. 2. (Plural) Actual conditions or facts. , ,    ,              .




39


? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ? ????????.       ,   ,   XI.9;       entelecheia  energeia.




40


.  De An. III.2,         .




41


   ,      ,   ;      .      ,           .




42


    entelecheia . Phys. 2136-8, Met. 1038b4-6, 10449.  De . 412b9  ,  ,    ,   .




43


  (Michael Frede, Aristotles Notion of Potentiality in Metaphysics ?, Unity, Identity, and Explanation in Aristotles Metaphysics, ed. T.Scaltsas, D.Charles, and M.?L.Gill (Oxford, 1994), 173?193)       dynamis.




44


 ,        :   ,   ( ,     , , )    (qualitative interaction). . Met. VII.7-9 ( 1034b16-19), Gen. Anim. II.l 734a26ff., Gen. et Corr. 1.5 320b18-22 and 1.7 323b25-24a5,      . . Lloyd, The Principle that the Cause is Greater than its Effect, Phronesis 21 (1976), 146-156,   Alexander Mourelatos, Aristotles Rationalist Account of Qualitative Interaction, Phronesis 29 (1984), 1-16.      ,    VII.7    ,           .         ,      .




45


. Phys. VI.6.




46


Met. V.ll 1019-4, XIII.2 1077b2-3.




47


Phys. VIII.7 260b17-19, 26113-20. ,               ,          .




48


 ,      -  ,    . . De Cael. 1.12  Gen. et Corr. 11.11.   , : Sarah Waterlow, Passage and Possibility: A Study of Aristotle s Modal Concepts (Oxford, 1982), 49-78.




49


        energeia,       .




50


. W.D. Ross, Aristotle s Metaphysics: A Revised Text with Introduction and Commentary, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1924),    .                ,    ,      ,   ,      .      .




51


,   ,     .




52


  VIII     ,      .




53


    ,  ,         VIII (257-b1, 26722-23)     VI.4.




54


               .    ;    ,     () (1072b 10-11).           V.5,  ,         ,    -      (1015b9-15). ,      ,          .  ,          .          ;  ,   ,                ,         ,    .




55


, ,      (   )    ,   Nie. Eth. VII,     .     ,     ,          (    Nie. Eth. .4-5);       ,           .




56


     . Aristotle s Metaphysics, vol. 1, CXXXIII  ; Joseph Owens, The Relation of God to World in the Metaphysics Etudes sur la Metaphysique dAristote, ed. Pierre Aubenque (Paris, 1979), 207-228; Lloyd Gerson, God and Greek Philosophy (London and New York, 1990), 120-141.        Leo Elders, Aristotle s Theology: A Commentary on Book A of the Metaphysics (Assen, 1972).




57


     W. J. Verdenius, Traditional and Personal Elements in Aristotles Religion, Phronesis 5 (1960), 56-70; Thomas De K?ninck, La Pensee de la Pensee chez Aristote, La question de Dieu selon Aristote et Hegel, ed. Thomas De Koninck (Paris, 1991), 69-151; Sarah Broadie, Que fait le premier moteur dAristote? Revue philosophique 183 (1993), 375-411.       .




58


 ,  ?????????  ?????????      ,  ,     .     ,   XII.6 (   ????????? ? ?????????  1071b12)    . . Andre Laks, Metaphysics A 7, Aristotle s Metaphysics Lambda: Symposium Aristotelicum, ed. Michael Frede and David Charles (Oxford, 2000), 242.




59


       (, , ),     ,            De Caelo. . H.A. Wolfson, The Problem of the Souls of the Spheres, from the Byzantine Commentaries on Aristotle through the Arabs and St. Thomas to Kepler, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 16 (1962), 67-93.




60


Gen. et Corr. 11.10 336b32-35    ,      ,      .            ,  ,      (, De Gael. 271, Pol. 132632); . Verdenius, Traditional and Personal Elements, 61-62.




61


.  Met. XII.9 1074b23-26.   ,   ,    ,      ,     ,        ,    .       .




62


  De anima          (4304, 431b17; . 43020, 431 1).




63


  : Michael Wedin, Mind and Imagination in Aristotle (New Haven and London, 1988), 243. ,         ,      .




64


. : Richard Norman, Aristotles Philosopher-God, Phronesis 14 (1969), 63-74.      Wedin, Mind and Imagination, 229-245.       ,   ,  ,    .




65


, : Met. VII.10 10368-9, VII.11 103628-29, 103727, VII.15 1039b27-10402.




66


 ,  aisthesis    ,    ,    .      De An. III.2     ,   Phys. III.3,      .




67


   (Stephen Menn, Aristotle and Plato on God as Nous and as the Good, Review of Metaphysics 45 (1992), 554),   ,   ,       ,  .




68


           : Victor Caston, Aristotles Two Intellects: A Modest Proposal, Phronesis 44 (1999), 199-227.      ,      ,         .




69


   XII.9 : the nature of the divine thought involves certain problems [. .:   ()    ].    nous  noesis,        . ,       the most divine of phenomena [. .:     ],      ,       .          .




70


. Nie. Eth. .7-8,  ,     ,    (6|1<>. tl 1178b27)   . .  Met. 1.2 9835-98310,   ,    , ,       ,     .




71


       : Jonathan Lear, Aristotle: The Desire to Understand (Cambridge, 1988), 303-306.




72


. Met. VII.7 1032b2, VII.11 10375, 103728-b4.     ,  ,      ,   ,          ,      .




73


 , ,    ,       ,              End. Eth. 1.8  Nie. Eth. 1.6.     ,    .     ,       (???? ?? ??????),  ,           (1218b711).    ,         .   ,               ,     (VIII.3 1249b 13-23, . 1.8 1217b31).       ,     ,    ,      ;   ,        .




74


         . . Gen. et Corr. 11.10 336b27-33715, De Cael. 11.12 passim, De An. II.4 415a26-b2, Gen. Anim. II.l 731b20-732a9, Phys. 11.6 198all13.      : Charles Kahn, The Place of the Prime Mover in Aristotles Teleology, Aristotle on Nature and Living Things, ed. Allan Gotthelf (Pittsburgh, 1985), 183-205.




75


    ,   : Phys. II.3 1956-8, III.2 2029, Met. V.2 1013b69, VII.9 103423-24, IX.2 1046b15-24, XII.4 1070b30-34, XII.6 1071b30, De An. III.5 43012, Gen. et Corr. 1.5 320b18-22,1.7 324a30-b6, Gen. Anim. 1.21 729b20,1.22 730b16-18. ,              ,    Gen. et Corr. 1.7 324b 15  ,         .  ,    ,     ,      ,      .  ,    ,     XII.4 (1070b30-34),   ,          ,     .      (Rolf George, An Argument for Divine Omniscience in Aristotle, Apeiron 22 (1989), 61-74),     .       ,      ,   : Caston, Aristotles Two Intellects, 219-224.        (    ),  ,          .




76


 : Lindsay Judson, Heavenly Motion and the Unmoved Mover, Self-Motion: From Aristotle to Newton, ed. Mary Louise Gill and James Lennox (Princeton, 1994), 164-167,  Michael Frede, Introduction, Aristotle s Metaphysics Lambda: Symposium Aristotelicum, ed. Michael Frede and David Charles (Oxford, 2000), 43-47.                 .




77


Gregory Vlastos, A Note on the Unmoved Mover, Philosophical Quarterly 13 (1963), 246-247. 29.




78


    : Gerson, God and Greek Philosophy (e. g., 119, 126, 134); cp. Gerson, Causality, Univocity, and First Philosophy in Metaphysics II, Ancient Philosophy 11 (1991), 331-349.




79


     Gen. et Corr. 1.7 32430-b6,  ,    ,        .




80


.  Patzig, Theology and Ontology,  Michael Frede, The Unity of Special and General Metaphysics, Essays in Ancient Philosophy (Minneapolis, 1987), 81-95.             ,     .




81


   ,          . (   De Gael 11.12 ,       .)        XII        .




82


. W. K. C. Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy, vol. 6 (Cambridge, 1981), 49-59.




83


,  XIII. 1.54; , Sulla 26.




84


. Guthrie, History, vol. 6, 59-65,  .. Gottschalk, Aristotelian Philosophy in the Roman World from the Time of Cicero to the End of the Second Century a.d., Aufstieg und Niedergang der R?mischen Welt II. 36.2 (1987), 1083-1088.




85


Stobaeus, Anthologie on IV.32.21.




86


     XIX.29 9206,  ,   (????????)      .




87


Philodemus, Rhetorica 34 (= Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, ed. H. Diels and W. Kranz, 75b1).




88


   ,    ????????     ,      Kivrjaiv.     ,       evaQyeia  , .        ,   ,     ????????  evaQyeia  .      :           (.48, 52).




89


    ,       :    ,    (Nie. Eth. VII. 14 1154b28).            energeia akinesias,         ,     .




90


.   Stoic or um Veterum Fragmenta.




91


Diogenes Laert. VIL52, 98, 112; Sextus, Pyr. III.169,Adv. Math. XL23.




92


Fr. 153a-c Fortenbaugh.




93


Fr. 152; . Theophrastus, Metaphysica 811,   (^))      (???????? ??? ?????????).




94


 . . .




95


. Glenn Most, The Relative Date of Theophrastus Metaphysics Theophrastean Studies: On Natural Science, Physics and Metaphysics, Ethics, Religion, and Rhetoric, ed. William Fortenbaugh and Robert Sharpies (New Brunswick, 1988), 233-237; ., ,    (van Raalte)  ,     .




96


     . Die Schule des Aristoteles, vol. 5, Fr. 74, 134; vol. 8, Fr. 37a.




97


Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca, 23 vols. (Berlin, 1882-1909), vol. 19.1, 157.10-12.     VIII,     ,         .3-4.




98


Antigonus. Historiarum mirabilium collectio, 168.1 // Paradoxographorum Graecorum Reliquae, ed. Alexander Giannini (Milan, 1965), 104.




99


     .: . .  / . . . .: , 2000. . .




100


       .    (W. Rhys Roberts)       Loeb Classical Library.




101


 . . .




102


            ,    .  (Scaliger) : Efficaciam Graeci ????????v vocant. Ea est orationis repraesentantis rem excellenti modo [   .   ,      ] (tices libri septem [Lyon, 1561; repr. 1964], 116).        ,  energia (   ),  (Apology for Poetry [1581; repr. Oxford, 1966], 70).       ,     .  Oxford English Dictionary,           ;        .




103


Sect. 266, ed. Hadas.        energeia     .    .   (Hadas),   130 .  P. X.




104


Eusebius, Praep. Evang. VIII.10.12.      -    ;          (170-150),    ,     . . Hadas, Ar is teas to Philocrates, 26-27.




105


  ,   , . III  4:21, 5:12  5:28.




106


      ,  .




107


. I.proem.31, 1.2.2, 1.2.6, 1.4.3, 1.8.2, Il.proem.l, .2.8 (ed. Friedrich).

     .   . 6.




108


Pneumatica I. proem, 1.3, 1.7, De Automatis i.7, i.8, Mechanicorum Frag-menta II, Fr. 4 (ed. Schmidt, vol. 1, p. 2, 40, 56, 340, 342; vol. 2, p. 280).




109


1.30.2,1.59.3,1.123.2, IV.64.6, IV.166.2, V.79.8, V.l 11.1.




110


1.25, 31, 33, 38, 43; cf. 11.27-28.




111


 (S. Sambursky, The Physical World of Late Antiquity (Princeton, 1962), 110) ,      .   ,       ,   ,     energeia      ,      ,  .




112


Galen, De Methodo Medendi 1.6.1 (Kuhn vol. 10, 46); cf. ibid. II.3.3, De Naturalibus Facultatibus 1.2; De Usu Partium XVII. 1; De Placitis VI. 1.        : energeia    .         ,        ,     (,  ).         .




113


De Placitis VI. 1 (De Lacy vol. 2, 360).




114


Nat. Fac. 1.4 (K?hn. Vol. 2, 9).  . . .




115


Subst. Nat. Fac. (K?hn. Vol. 4, 760); .  R. J. Hankinson, Galens Anatomy of the Soul, Phronesis 36 (1991), 201-208.




116


David Runia, Philo and the Church Fathers: A Collection of Essays (Leiden, 1995), 189.




117


 A. P. .




118


  ,        ,    -,   ,    entelecheia (De opif mundi. Op. 47, Leg. All. 1.100,11.73).




119


    .:  .   . ., 2000. . .




120


        ;         (David Winston, Philo of Alexandria (New York, 1981), 15).




121


.   : Quod Deus 55, Mut. 11-12,  Mos. 1.75.   : Runia, Philo and the Church Fathers, . 1 11.

    .:  .   . ., 2000. . .




122


 ,  poiein   ,   .

      . . , . 40. . .




123


. John Dillon, The Middle Platonists (London, 1977), 158-170; Winston, Philo of Alexandria, 23-24.   ,           (. 24),    (Spec. Leg. I.47-48, 329).




124


 ,          : Quis Her. 107-108,119, Leg. All. 1.48-49, 82, II.4647,      IV    : Winston, Philo of Alexandria, 33.      De Sacrificiis 68,        (?????? ???????),    .                   .




125


.  Post. 19-20, Quod Deus 62, Fug. 164-165, Mut. 7-9, Spec. Leg. 1.32-50, Praem. 39^0.




126


    .:  .   . ., 2000. . .




127


 . . . . .




128


   ,     ;    ,  ,     .




129


   . Leg. All. III. 100-102; Abr. 122-123; Praem. 37-40, 45-46.       The Vision of God in Philo of Alexandria, American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 72 (1998), 483-500.




130


.Dillon, The Middle Platonists, 361-379 ()  267-306 ().    ,            , . John Peter Kenney, Theism and Divine Production in Ancient Realist Theology, God and Creation: An Ecumenical Symposium, ed. David Burrell and Bernard McGinn (Notre Dame, 1990), 57-80.




131


       .: . . . . 4. ., 1994.




132


   . John Rist, Neopythagoreanism and Platos Second Letter, Phronesis 10 (1965), 78-81,       I   P. X.




133


Ed. Des Places.  . . .




134


 . . .




135


   ,         ,    .     ,          Didaskalikos,  .   II   P. X.     .




136


        .: .    / . . .  // . . . . 4. ., 1994. . 625-663. . .




137


. R.W. Sharpies, Alexander of Aphrodisias: Scholasticism and Innovation, Aufstieg und Niedergang der R?mischen Welt ii. 36.2 (1987),

1177-1178.




138


De anima 86.1-3 // Commentaria in Arostotelem Graeca. Suppl. 2.1. Ed. I. Bruns. Berlin, 1887.




139


 . . .




140


. Sharpies, Alexander of Aphrodisias, 1206-1207,    .




141


       ,   ,        .




142


   : Guthrie, History, vol. 6, 322-330; Charles Kahn, The Role of nous in the Cognition of First Principles in Posterior Analytics 11.19, Aristotle on Science: The Posterior Analytics, ed. Enrico Berti (Padua, 1981), 385414; Rist, Mind of Aristotle, 180-182.  . Wedin, Mind and Imagination in Aristotle, 220-229.




143


. . JI.  //  . ., 1979. . 468. . .




144


         ,   (  4-6).       ,    .




145


   .: .  1-11 / . . . . .: , 2007. . .




146


. Kahn, The Place of the Prime Mover in Aristotles Teleology.




147


 V.4.2     ,         (, V.9.5, V.5.1-2, V.3.5).




148


Energeia       ,    ,         . . IV.7[2].83, III.l[3].l, V.9[5].4, 8,  IV.8[6].5.




149


   .: .  1-11 / . . . . .: , 2007. . .


