    
  


     ,        .        ,      ,     ,     11  2001 .   ,    ,      .    ?      ?   ?        .             -        .        ,      .  ,       - ,                ,        .        ,         !    ,     , ,    .





 

    





 


     ,        .            .     ,     ,     11  2001    ,    ,        .

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  (INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY)



       .  ,   ,   .      .          ,    .    ,        ,   ,   ,     .







        ,  .          ,  26  1947 .

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,    ,     :      .        .     11  2001 .







      ?   12333  4  1981 .      ( 3,  4,  f),     :

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2)    (National Security Agency).

3)     (Defense Intelligence Agency).

4)          .

5)     (Bureau of Intelligence and Research)  .

6)   , , ,   ,    (Federal Bureau of Investigation),     .

7)      .

       (Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act),    - 17  2004 .,    .         :

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   .

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   (National Reconnaissance Office).

    (National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency).

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   ()             ,     .

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       ,   .   :    -   .

        .

     (Drug Enforcement Administration)   .        ,           2006 .,      .

  2001 .    (Department of Homeland Security) (  2003 .   )      .        ,   .

,           ,    .

          (United States Secret Service),         .  ,           ,   ,       ,            12333.        .

    ,    .      ,   1996 .      .   ,        1997 . 26,6 ,   1998 . 26,7  . 1998       ,        .   ,    1999 . 29 ,   2000 . 29,5  .

    30  2007 .,            -,       2007-    43,5  .  2008 .   47,5 ,  2009 . 49,8  .

                    .   ,          .    ,            .

         ?

      ()       .      ,  ,          .

           26  1947 .     , -,     .  ,                .            ,         .

       ,    ,      .     ,              .

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 ,    1970- .,      ,     ,    .        1977 .     .    1978 .           ,    ,  ,     ,         .

          .       ,   ,    .   20  1981 .      19  ,   ,     .              ,       .

                ,           .      ,        .

           (Director of National Intelligence).           .                .               ,        ,                   .

  2005 .   (     )      .          17  2004 .    .  ,             -   .

 5  2010 .      -      (James Clapper).

      17  2004 .       (Office of the Director of National Intelligence)  ,     .        ,     ,   ,          .     1,5 . ,    .

   ,      :

   (Principal Deputy Director).   ,        .  10  2009 .      (David Gompert).

   (Director of the Intelligence Staff).   2009 .   -   (John Kimmons).     :

  (General Counsel).      .

  (Inspector General).    ,       .

     (Civil Liberties Protection Officer).

        (Equal Employment Opportunity and Diversity).   ,      - .

  .

  (Executive Secretary).

  .

     ,     :

     (Office of the Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Collection)       ,   .   2008 .   2010 .          (Glenn Gaffney),      .

      :

      (Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Cyberspace Management);

      (Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Human Intelligence);

         (Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Open Source);

      (Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Technical Collection).

     (Office of the Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Analysis)      .   2008 .         (Peter Lavoy).    :

       (Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for the National Intelligence Council);

        (Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for the Presidents Daily Brief);

       (Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Analytic Mission Management);

      (Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Analytic Integrity and Standards);

      (Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Analytic Transformation and Technology);

      (Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Community Support);

    ,    (Office of the Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Policy, Plans and Requirements).   2007 .     ,       (David Shedd).

       (Office of the Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Acquisition and Technology).   2009 .          (Dawn Meyerriecks).

 ,        (Associate Director):

   (Chief Information Officer).  26  2009 .     (Priscilla Guthrie).

   (Chief Human Capital Officer).   2005 .      (Ron Sanders).

   (Chief Financial Officer).   2008 .       (Marilyn Vacca).

       (Systems and Resource Analyses).   2009 .      ,  (Roger Mason).

        ,      .   ,      .         (Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive)     (National Counterterrorism Center).




  



   ,  2005 .            .          ,    .




  


21 2005  13  2007:

,   (Negroponte, John Dimitri);

20  2007  27  2009:

,   (McConnell, John Michael);

29  2009  28  2010:

,   (Blair, Dennis Cutler);

28   5  2010 ( ):

,  . (Gompert, David C.);

 5  2010:

,  .,  (Clapper, James R.).




    


21 2005  26  2006:

,   (Hayden, Michael Vincent);

 2006   2007 ( ):

,  .,  (Burgess, Ronald L.)

 2007   2009:

,  ,  (Kerr, Donald MacLean);

 10  2009:

,  . (Gompert, David C.).




   





,  

(Negroponte, John Dimitri)


. 21  1939.

      .  ,    ,    .  1956 .   Phillips Exeter.  1960 .   .

 1960 .   .      ,    ,           .

 19811985 .    .  ,      ,    ,           ,   ,         .

 19851987 .     ,    .

 19871989 .      .

 19891993 .    .

 19931996 .    .

 19972001 .  -      McGraw-Hill.

 2001 .    .

  2004 .   2005 .     .

 21  2005 .  13  2007 .   .

 13  2007 .  20  2009 .    .

,  .




,  

(McConnell, John Michael)


. 26  1943.

    ,   .     ,        .                  .              .

 1967 .   .  19671968 .       APB-36   .

 19681970 .       .

 19711974 .      .

 19861987 .     .

 19871988 .   -  .

 19891990 .      .

 19911992 .       .

  1992  1996 .     .

 1996 .        -.

 19962006 .  -    Booz Allen Hamilton.

 20  2007 .  27  2009 .   .

,  .




,  

(Blair, Dennis Cutler)


. 4 1947.

  ,  .  ,       .  1964 .       .  1968 .  -   .

    (Tattnall),     1968 .        ,       ,   .

 19751976 .    .

 19771980 .     .

 19841986 .    (Cochrane).

 19891990 .  -   -.

 19931995 .     , .

  1995 .      . -.

 1996 .     ,           .

 1996 .          .

  1999 .   2002 .          . .

 2002 .   .

C  2003 .   2006 .    .

 20062008 .       ,      .   20072008 .          .

 29  2009 .  28  2010 .   .

   -   .

:          ,       ,   ,    ,      ,       ,         .

,  .




,  .

(Gompert, David .)


      -                   .

     .

 19731975 .     .

 19771981 .    - .

 19811982 .      .

 19821983 .      .

 19831990 .   .

 19901993 .      -         .

 19932000 . -       .

 20002003 .    .

 20032004 .             ,        .

 10  2009 .     .

 28   5  2010 .     .




,  ., 

(Clapper, James R.)


 1963 .   ,     .  1970 .          ().  1973 .   -       ().  1975 .      (Armed Forces Staff College)   ().  1976 .          ().  1979 .        . -, .  1990 .             ().    1990 .      .

             ,     ,       .        ,   1963   1964 .              (). 8 1963 .   2- .

  1964 .       ,     (). 8 1965 .   1- .

  1965 . -     2-  ( 7-  ),      ( ).

  1966 .       ,     (). 16  1967 .   .

  1970 .  3-  (   ) 6994-  ,      .  73     EC-47s.

  1971 .    ,   ().

  1973 .        -    (Air Force Systems Command),     ().  (1  1973).

  1974   1975 .        (),    .

  1975 .      -   ,  .. ().  (1  1976).   1976 .    J-23.

  1978   1979 .            . - ().

  1979 .       ,  ,   ().   1980 .     6940-   .  (11  1980).

  1981 .            , -  , .

  1984 .     ,     ().

  1985 .                 - .   (1  1985).

  1987 .    -   ,  .. (). - (1  1988).

  1989 .        ,     ().

  1990 .       .

  1991 .  . - (15  1991).

1  1995 .   .

     .

  2001 .   2006 .        () ( 24  2003 . ).

 15  2007 .  5  2010 .     .

 5  2010 .   .

  700    EC-47  EC-135.

:       ,    ,       ,      ,     ,       ,      ,     ,         ,      ѻ,       ,    (),  .

.      .




  

(NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE COUNCIL)



       1973 .            1979 .

     ,           ,    .        , ,      ,             ,        .

    ,  ,       (    -   ).             .  ,                            ,         .

         ,                   .

            .    ,   ,   ,           .

         .     ,      .  6  2009 .     .  (Christopher A. Kojm).

       ,            ,     ,      ,          .               .

       :

-.   2010 .     .  (Vaughn F. Bishop).

 (Counselor).   2007 .    .  (Mathew J. Burrows).

     (Director of Analysis and Production Staff).   2010 .      . .

 .   2010 .     (Mark Roth).

    (Director, Long Range Analysis Unit).   2009 .     .  (Casimir A. Yost).

         (Senior Advisor, Global Health Security).   2010 .       .  (Joy M. Miller).

 ,        :

   .

     (Paul Heer).

     (Roger Kubarych).

   .  (Richard D. Kauzlarich).

    .  (John R. Landry).

     (Alan Pino).

     .  (Eugene B. Rumer).

     .  (Lawrence K. Gershwin).

    .  (Neil H. Joeck).

  (Transnational Threats)   .  (Julie E. Cohen).

       (Melissa Applegate).

     (Weapons of Mass Destruction and Proliferation)   .  (Andrew M. Gibb).

  (Western Hemisphere)   .  (John F. McShane).

-         ,     . ,        39 ,    17 .

       .




   


19791981:

,  . (Lehman, Richard L.);

19811983:

,  . (Rowen, Henry S.);

19831986:

,   (Gates, Robert Michael);

19861987:

-  ,  . 3- (Horton, Frank B.);

19881993:

,  (Ermarth, Fritz);

19931994:

,  ,  (Nye, Joseph S.);

19941995:

,  (Williams, Christine);

19951997:

,  . (Cooper, Richard N.);

1997   2001:

,  . (Gannon, John C.);

3  2001  2002:

,  . (Helgerson, John L.);

20022004:

,  . (Hutchings, Robert L.);

20052008:

,   (Fingar, Charles Thomas);

20082009:

,  . (Lavoy, Peter R.);

 5  2009:

,  . (Kojm, Christopher A.).




    





,  .

(Kojm, Christopher .)


 1977 .       .  1979 .                 .

 19791984 .          -.

 19841998 .        .

 19982003 .         ( ,         ).

 20032004 .           (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States),   11  2001 .

 20042005 .  2006 .              .

 2006 .       (Iraq Study Group).

 20072008 .              .

 9  2009 .    .




,  .

(Bishop, Vaughn F.)


 1968 .       - .  19691970 .   ,      .  1974 .     .

     .

 1981 .  ,    .

 1984 .      .

       ,       ,              ,     ,   - ,    ,       .

    .

  2010 . -   .




,  .

(Burrows, Mathew J.)


 1976 .   .  1983 .          .

 1986 .  ,    .

 19981999 .        -.

 19992001 .         (Richard Holbrooke).

 20012002 .          Β (Paul ONeill).

 20032007 .     .

  2007 .    .

  2010 .        .




, 

(Roth, Mark)


     - .  19811982 .     -      .           ,   ,   -   .

    .

 19862002 .     ,  .     .

           .

        .

  2007 .       (Strategic Plans and Outreach).

  2008 .     .

  2010 .     .




,  .

(Yost, Casimir .)


      -        .

 19721977 .   -   .

 19771986 .       -        .

 19861990 .      .

 19901994 .   -   .

 19942009 .        .    .

  2009 .    .




,  .

(Miller, Joy .)


        ().        .

  12     .             .

  8       .

        (Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center) (2  2008 .        National Center for Medical Intelligence).   ,       .

  2006 .   2010 .       .

  2010 .            .




, 

(Heer, Paul)


      - (,  ),      ,         .

 ,     - ,     (Senior Analytic Service)  .

  19992000 .        (   ).

 2001 .      .

         .




, 

(Kubarych, Roger)


        .

  40        .      -   -  ,         .

             .

  2010 .      .




,  .

(Kauzlarich, Richard D.)


                   .

 19841986 .        .

 19861989 .       .

 19911993 .    ,    ,       .

 19931994 .             (     ).

 19941997 .    .

 19971999 .      .

  2002 .           (United States Institute of Peace).

  2003 .     .




,  .

(Gershwin, Lawrence .)


 1963 .    ,    .  1969 .         .

 19691972 .        .

 1972 .    ,      ,          .

 19751979 .    ,             ,           .

 19791981 .        (Program Analysis and Evaluation)   ,    ,      .

  1981   1994 .      .

  1994 .           .

 1989 .      ,   1996 .       .            .




,  .

(Landry, John R.)


       . .   .      -.

  -.

      ,         .

      ,    4-   -.          .

 1989 .   7-     .         .            .

  1993 .      .

-  .




, 

(Pino, Alan)


 1981 .           .

 1983 .        .      , , , , , ,   .

 19891990 .          .

 1994 .            (Near East South Asian Terrorist Team),       .  1998 2000 .     .

  2005 .      .




,  X.

(Joeck, Neil .)


 1973 .         (-).  1976 .               .  1986 .           (-).

 19872001 .             Z    . .   19961997 .       .

 20012003 .      .

 20042005 .         .

 20052009 .             . .  -      ().

  2009 .      .




,  .

(Rumer, Eugene .)


       ,             .

 19931996 .      - ()   .

           ,       .

 2000 .   ,              .

  2010 .       .




,  .

(Cohen, Julie .)


               .

  .           .     .         .

             .

  2009 .      .




, 

(Applegate, Melissa)


        .  1994 .       -    .  1996 .       .

 19811994 .     .      .        1989 .    1991 .

  .

           .




,  .

(Gibb, Andrew .)


     -  .           .

 1985 .      .

 19932000 .  ,       .

 20002008 .    ,    .

 2006 .     ,    .

 20082009 .       ,    .

  2009 .          (Weapons of Mass Destruction and Proliferation).




,  .

(McShane, John F.)


       , ,  .           -.

  ,     25 .

  1990-        .

  -        .

       .

         .

       .

  2009 .      .




 


   ,         .    ,       2001 .,      11 .

3  2001 .            .  (John L. Helgerson),   19891993 .      .

 -       (Ellen Laipson),       .  (Stuart A. Cohen).         .

       :

     (Robert Gordon Houdek).

       .  (Paul R. Pillar).

     (Robert Sutter).

   .  (Barry F. Lowenkron).

     (Fulton Armstrong).

      (George Kolt).

     (John Landry).

      (Lawrence Gershwin).

       (Robert Vickers).

      .  (Robert D Walpole).

       (David Gordon).

     .  (Stuart A Cohen).



  ,            ,         .




     , 2001 



     2001 .




,  .

(Gannon, John .)


 1966 .    ,    .             -.   .     ,  ,       .

           2-   .       -.    .

  -     . ,    ,      -     (-).

         (),    ,     .

      ,    ,   ,       .

 19921996 .     .

 19961997 .     .

  1997 .    ,    1998 .        .

  2001 .   .




, 

(Laipson, Ellen)


  ,     .              .     ,   .

 19771979 .     .

 1979 .                    ,            .

     ,                  - .

 19901993 .         .

 19931995 .          .

 19951997 .         .

  1997 . -   .

       ,     .




 . 

(Stuart A. Cohen)


   -,    .        -         .     .

  .         ,         (Arms Control Intelligence Staff),         .

  1980- .              .

    . .

 1988 .                  .

    .

 1991 .              .

   .

  1998 .           .




,  

(Houdek, Robert Gordon)


 1961 .  - (),     .  1962 .           .

 1962 .   .

 19631965 .  -     .

 19651967 .      ().

 19691971 .         .

 19711972 .     .    .

 19721974 .         (-).

 19741976 .       ().

 19761978 .   -   .

 19781980 .    .

 19801984 .         ().

 28  1985  17  1988 .    .

 19881991 .       - ().

 19911993 .        .

 22  1993  10  1996 .     .

       .        1997 .    .

  1997 .     .   1998 .    .

 1991 .      .          .        ,      .




,  .

(Pillar, Paul R.)


 1969 .         -,  1971 .      ,  1975 .   ,   1978 .     .

 19711973 .     , ,   .

 1977 .     .      ,     ,    ,     .       .

             .

     (Assessments and Information Group)        ,   19971999 .      .

 19992000 .    .

  2000 .         .

   :      (Negotiating Peace: War Termination as a Bargaining Process, Princeton University Press, 1983),       (Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy, 2001).




,  .

(Sutter, Robert G.)


     -    .

  60- .    .        ,  ,           .

 19771999 .      ,   -      .       .

  1999 .      .

    ,       .

  10 ,   :      , 19661977 (Chinese foreign policy after the cultural revolution, 19661977, 1978),   :    -  (China Watch: toward Sino-American reconciliation, 1978),   :    (Chinese foreign policy: developments after Mao, 1986), :   21-  (Taiwan: entering the 21st century, 1988),      :    (Shaping Chinas Future in World Affairs: The Role of the United States, 1996,    -  (Seong-Eun Choi)),       (U.S. Policy Toward China, 1998),    ,          .




,  .

(Lowenkron, Barry F.)


        -              .

 1979 .           .

    ,     .

 19831988 .                   .

 19881989   19911993 .          .

 19931995 .    .

      (       ).

  1997 .     .




, 

(Armstrong, Fulton)


 1976 .   ,         .     .

 1976 .      ,   .

 1980 .    -        (Jim Leach).

 19841995 .         ,   ,    .

 19951997 .     .

 19971998 .       .

 19981999 .      .

 1999 .           .

 1  2000 .      .




, 

(Kolt, George)


 1961 .     -,     .  19611962 .     .  1963 .           .

 1963 .      .      .

 19811984 .      .

 1984 .     .

 1986 .      .

 1986 .   ,   1989 .   (         )   .

  1992 .       .




,  .

(Vickers, Robert D.)


 1965 .      ,     .  1968 .            .

 19771978 .    ,   1989 .      .

          .  19651967 .          .

     - ,          .

 19691979 .          .

 19791980 .     .

 19801981 .       .

 19821984 .    .

 19841987 .      .

 19871990 .         .

 1990 .  ,   1993 .    .

       .

  1996 .        .




,  .

(Walpole, Robert D.)


 1978 .    ,        .     -,   -.

        .

 19851989 .             ,           .

 19891992 .            ,   - .

 1992 .                .

 1997 .        ,       .          .

  1998 .        .

    ,     .




,  .

(Gordon, David F.)


 -,              ,   1981 .    .

 1980- .         :      .  ,     ()      ,          .

 19891991 .                 (),    ().

  1991  1993 .      Abt (,   ).

 19931995 .         ,     ,  , ,     .

                     .

  1998 .        .

      ,        .













   






    






  







,   (21  2005  13  2007)






,   (20  2007  27  2009)






,   (29  2009  28  2010)






,  .,  ( 5  2010)






    







,   (21  2005  26  2006)






,  .,  ( 2006   2007,  )






,  ,  ( 2007   2009)






,  . ( 10  2009; 28   5  2010   )






   ()

(CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY)



     ,            .     ,  ,  ,     .     ,           -   .

          ,            .    ,         , ,  ,   .      ,             .          .

         ,      ,          .

            ,         ,            .




 


   ,            ,  , ,        , ,             .       - .

  ,       ,      .  2005 .      , ..             .

 ,        1946 .    ()       ,        .       .    ,       ,       ,   .        ,      1953 .        (,         ).      ,  ,  ,         .       ,    ,   ,     .




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