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   .           -  ,       ,     .           ,          .      ,           ,     ,   .       ,      .      . , ,              ,       -,          .          .

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                   .

 ,      ,       ,      ,     ,            .           -       (),    .     ,         ,         .               ,      ,   .             ,    ,  -    , -  ;          ,  ,  ;    .

     ,           .   ,      ,         .         ,      .    ,         .        VIII         . ,   ,   !           ,       .    ,    ,    .

   .   .   (Kenneth E. And Signe K. Lauridsen Jones)          .   ,                .



 , 

 !

                    II.     ,      :    ,  -.      ,    .   ,              II:     ,   ,  ,   ,   ,    ,       ,  , ,   - .          ,    ,   ,           ,    .      ,           ,     ,        .    , ,        .    ,   ,   ,     , , ,    ,     ,    ,   250  .   , ,     .     .      !



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  -      ,    Ը .                 [1 -             .].           .    .     , ,   -  .            .

      -  ,     .         .        ,        .              ,       .       ,        .           ,          .     ,  ,  ,    ,   ,       .  - ,  ,      , , .

       ,       .             XX.,    ,   ,         ,   ,   ,     ,        .          ,         ,     [2 -   : Town and Country in Europe, 13001800 / Epstein S.R., ed. N.Y., 2001; Harvey D. The Urban Experience. Baltimore, 1989; Hohenburg P.M., Lees H.L. The Making of Urban Europe. Cambridge, MA, 1985; Holton R.J. Cities, Capitalism, and Civilisation. L., 1986; The Rise and Fall of Great Cities: Aspects of Urbanization in the Western World / Lawton R., ed. N.Y., 1989; Lepetit B. The Preindustrial Urban System: France, 17401840. N.Y., 1994.].

       ,   .       ,                  .          ,         [3 -      ..   1942.     .: De Vries J. European Urbanization, 15001800. Cambridge, MA, 1984.].     ,  , ,         .                ,           ,        [4 - .: Wrigley E.A. Brake or Accelerator? Urban Growth or Population Growth Before the Industrial Revolution / van der Woude A., Hayami A, de Vries J., eds. Urbanization in History. N.Y., 1990. P. 101112.].            ,    ,         ,    ,       [5 -            : The Historian and the City / Handlin O., Burhard J., eds. Cambridge, M.I.T. Press, 1967; Sjoberg G. The Rise and Fall of Cities: A Theoretical Perspective / Anderson N., ed. Urbanism and Urbanization. Leiden, 1964. P. 720.].

       .       ,   ,       .      ,             , , ,      ,    . ,  ,     ,           ,          .    ,   ,      ?          ,  ,         .         ,    ,    .

       ,          ,  ,           .    ,        ,   ,           .       ? ,       ,      -  ?  ,         ,   ,          ?

,   ,   ,  ,    ,   .    ,                .               ,   ,          .       ,        .  ,      ,    .

   - XVIII.    ,   .         ,      ,     ,     ,     .          II (17621796.).    34-        , -      ,       ,     .      -         .         ,       .

,   1703.,   ,     ,   ,     ,  , , -  .      ,    ;  ,       ,      ,    , , , [6 - .: Herlihy P. Odessa: A History, 17941914. Cambridge, MA, 1986.].   ,   ,       ,  , , , [7 -   .: Kotkin S. Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilization. Berkeley, 1985.]. -                 ,         .

         .   XVIII.               .         ,     . ,  ,                 ,   .                 ,    .

       .         ,         ,          .         ,   .   -      .

     ,  ..        [8 -  .. ,     ,   ,  1703  1751.,  . ,     ,       ,     ,               . ., 1779.]. Ÿ     ..         1762.[9 -  ..   ,     ,  1751  1762.,  . . ., 1903.].  ,    XVIII ,    ,            .     -  ,     .    ,  -,      ,           , ,     -.      , ,    .. , .. , .. , .  , .. , ..  [10 - B?sching Anton Friedrich. Neue Beschreibung des russischen Reiches nach allen seinen Staaten und L?ndern. Hamburg, 1763;   .  -   -     : 3. 1 . ., 1794;   .      ,     , , , , ,  , ,  ,              ,       ,           . ., 1773; Reimers Heinrich, von. St. Petersburg am Ende seines ersten Jahrhunderts. 2vols. SPb., 1805; Hermann Benedikt Franz. Statistische Schilderung von Russland, im R?cksicht auf Bef?lkerung, Landesbeschaffenheit, Bergbau, Manufakturen und Handel. St. Petersburg und Leipzig, 1790; Storch Heinrich Friedrich, von. Historisch-Statistische Gem?lde des russischen Reiches am Ende des XVIII Jahrhunderts: Statistische ?bersicht der Statthalterschaften des russischen Reichs nach ihren merkw?rdigsten Kulturverh?ltnissen in Tabellen. 9vols. Riga und Leipzig, 17971803.].       ,   ..   . [11 -   .                                : 7. ., 17811786;  .    ,     . . 17. ., 18011809.].     ,     ,         ,         ,    .

  -     XIX.,    ,   .     ..     -,      [12 -  ..  : 2. ., 1834.].         .. ,             [13 -  ..  .     . ., 1885.].  ,  200- ,       [14 - :  .. 200  .  . ., 1903;  .. 1)   : .-   , 17031903. ., 1901; 2)  . -    .-: 5. ., 1902;  ..    -    200-  . ., 1903;  .. .-    .   . ., 1903.].   , ,        , ,  ..    -[15 -  ..       210   . 17041914. ., 1925.].    ,                  .  ,            ,     .                 -.

   ,  ,     ,    ,       XIX.     ,   1885.,   .. ,              [16 -  ..                , 17031782. ., 1885.].        -   1782.    1885.    ..      ,          [17 -  ..  .-  . 17851885. ., 1885.].  ,     -         1785., ,     .             1785  1801.      ,         ,         XIX .

            .. .             XVIII. (         )        [18 -  .. 1)    II. ., 1909; 2)     XVIII . ., 1903.].  ,      -,       ,    -,  ,           .  ,   , ,   ,    ,          .       .      ,   ,       1785.      ,        XIX.,   ,      ,   ,      ().   ,         ,    ,   -     .    -              ,     .

,   ,        1917.,   ,     .   ,         ,             [19 - : Egorov Iu. A. The Architectural Planning of St. Petersburg. Trans. Eric Dluhosh. Athens, 1969;  .. . , 1899;  .. . -      . ., 1913;  .. -:      . , 1923;  ..     : 5. 2 . ., 18161828.].               ,    . ,    ,   ,   ,        ,    ,  ,   -   ,  ,   .

    ,            .     ,   .. , ..   .. ,     [20 -  .. 1)  -   -    XVIII. ., 1960; 2) -   .   XVIII. ., 1967;  ..    . ., 1958;  ..       XVIII. .; ., 1957.].        [21 -    :  ..       XVIII. ., 1960;  ..     ;  ..        //  . 1954. 9. . 95103;  ..      XVIII XIX. //  . 1950. 20. . 122162.].           ,        ,   [22 - ., ,   ..       XVIII. (., 1974),   :  ..         6070- . XVIII. //  .  .  -. 1954. 14. . 346.].        ,          -[23 - ., :  ..       XVII   XVIII. ., 1982,  :  ..    17401860- . ,    . ., 1990.  1978.         .].  1950- .          ,    [24 -    / . ..   .: 5. .; ., 19551958;  : 6. 7. ., 19521955.].          ,    ,      .             ,            .

    ,     1990- .    .             ,   [25 - Solomon Volkov. St. Petersburg: A Cultural History. Trans. A.W. Bouis. Glencoe, NY, 1995;  .      . ., 1996; Kaganov G.Z. Images of Space: St. Petersburg in the Visual and Verbal Arts. Transl. Sidney Monas. Stanford, CA, 1997.]. , .   XVIII       XIX.,      . .   XVIII.         -    ,      ,         .  , .       ,  .   , .. , ,     ,    ,            ,    .

        ,    1970- .,   ,     -. ,        XIX.    .   . ,     . .             XIX. . ,     XVIII.,  ,      ,       ,           . .       ,         ,     .  . .                 XVIIXVIII.[26 - Zelnik R.E. Labor and Society in Tsarist Russia: The Factory Workers of St. Petersburg, 18551870. Stanford, CA, 1971; Bonnell V.E. Roots of Rebellion: Workers Politics and Organizations in St. Petersburg and Moscow, 19001914. Berkeley, 1983; Bater J.H. St. Petersburg: Industrialization and Change. Montreal, 1976; Rozman G. Urban Networks in Russia, 17501800, and Premodern Periodization. Princeton, 1976; Konvitz J.W. Cities and the Sea: Port City Planning in Early Modern Europe. Baltimore, 1978; Hittle J.M. The Service City: State and Townsmen in Russia, 17001800. Cambridge, MA, 1979.   .   .   . The City in Russian History / Hamm M.F., ed. (Lexington, 1976)       .].    ,  -   -,             .

       ,         [27 -    , , :  .. . -. 300  . ., 2003;  ..  17031917:     : 2. ., 2000.].       ,       ,         .         [28 -  .. 1)  -    . ., 1997; 2)    -. ., 1997.].     .  ,  ,    , , , , .       [29 -  ..  . ., 1998.].    ,     ,   [30 - Johnson E.D. How St. Petersburg Learned to Study Itself: The Russian Idea of Kraevedenie. University Park, 2006.],          ,    .

       ,    ,  ,      [31 - Lincoln W.B. Sunlight at Midnight: St. Petersburg and the Rise of Modern Russia. NY, 2000.].   XIX  XX.  ,  XVIII-,    II   ,    .       .   -[32 - Buckler J.A. Mapping St. Petersburg: Imperial Text and Cityshape. Princeton, 2005.].  ,   ,        XIX  XX.,   XVIII .

       .          ,                 ,      .       , , , ,     ,     .    ,          ,      ,       .        ..   .. ,   XVIII      :       ,        ,  ,       .    ,   ,      -.

   ,    ,           .     .  XVIII         XI.          ,   ,       ,      .   ,       ,   ,        ,          .         town  city.     仠    ;          ,       -   .      merchant, factory, peasant (    )      ,       ,         -.               ,  :     suburbanites  ,     -  posad people.

          ,           ,        . ,     ,  ,  ,        ;  ,      ;   ,       ,        .       ,      ,       .

         .       -   XVIII.   ,   ,      ,    ,          . ,             ,             ,      .           ,   .          ,    .           ,    ,    ,        .

        XVIII.      ,   ,  ,     ,                     ,   .   XVIII.        ,       . ,         ,    , ,  ,    ;     ,           .          ,      ?       ,        ?

,   ,   XVIII.,    ,       .       ,      (    ,      ),         .       ,    ,       . ,        ,          ;    ,     . ,         ,    ,     -     .     ,        ,        .      ,   ,     ,           .        ,  ,      ,     .        ,   ,    ,     ,   ,        .     ,           ,      ,       .

      -,      .   1-       1762.     2- ,      ,    .    ,  3  4,      ,     ,       II.       .           ,    5   ,         .   6  7     .   ,  8,      ,          ,   1762. ,  9     .

     ,      XVIII .     11       .











 1

    셻: - 1762.



-,      1703.,         .             .    ,   ,    . ,      ,  -  ,   .      ,     ,    ,    .   ,         ,  -        .

  60   ,   ,          ,         .     -          .      ,    ,    ,       ,      .        .        ,   ,      ,  .        ,   .      ,       ,      .  ,    ,      ,      .






 .  - 1718.



   ,      1760- .,       ,         :   ,  - .. ,         ,       .






.. 



       .    ,     , ,   ,   : , ! !  -   ,         !      !   ,      ,  ,      .          ,    ,      [33 -       . .:  ..     ,      . 17381795: 4. . 2. ., 1870. . 188 (. :  ..    . 17371796: 2. . 1. , 1988. . 344. .).].          , ,    , : !         ?[34 -  . . 2. . 187 (. 1. . 343. .).].




 


  ,      ,    - ,   1762.   ,       .     ,                 .            . ,   ,    .         ,    ,     ,     .   ,             ,    . , ,      ,  XVIII.    . ,      ,      ,  XIX. ,                    ,           [35 - .:  .    // . 1997. 2. . 216220.].       ,  -    ,   .     ,         ,  -       .            .

   ,    -,   , .          ,   .    ,            ;     ,              .    ,              ,     .          ,     XVIII.                [36 -  ..  -   -     . ., 1794. . 173.].

  ,     ,    45                15,5 .            34           90.      ,      ,  .         ,   .          80 ,         25  40 .   ,      ,  4. , ..  


/


.         700 ,      13001900 .  ,   XX ,    XVIII       .

      -   - .  ,            .    , , ,    XVIII.,     , Giardia lamblia,           .        ,        XVIII ,    ,         .        .

             ,   -        .           .  XVIII.         .  ,    ,     .  ,     ,    ,       ,       .             .        ,       .  XVIII.      (  ),       .       ,   ,   , , , ,   . ,       , ,    ,        [37 - -:     / . .. . ., 2000.].

  XVIII.       .         .      ,     ,    [38 - ,              . Thompson W. Letters from Scandinavia, On the Past and Present State of the Northern Nations of Europe. 2vols. L., 1796. Vol. 1. P. 229.].   XVIII. , ,       :       ,  ,     ,       ,     [39 - . . 485. . 2. . 10, 11 (.  , .,   , ..).     .:  ..       XVIII :    . . ., 1968.         ..  (Kaganov G.Z. Images of Space: St.Petersburg in the Visual and Verbal Arts / Transl. by Sidney Monas. Stanford, CA, 1997. P. 1922).].       ,    ,    .   1727.           .      . ,  1736.    (17301740.)      ,      ,       ,       [40 -   .: . . 467. . 4. . 10. . 232232 .].    ,      ,           ,     .        ,    (   -      ,   10     ),  ,    ,     -   .   ,   ,            ,     .

  1770- .       . ,                   .           , ,              .        ,     1778.       - .                ,     ,      [41 -    . . 36 (). . 1. . 556/429. . 500507.].            .

        .      .               ,               .     (17411761.)      .






    . XVIII.



          . , ,   ,        [42 -  ..    ,  ,    1771  (17221762) //   .      (17201760- ) / . .. . ., 1991. . 315, 323324.].

 XVIII.        .              ,      , ,  ,         .      ,     ,   ,     .       -      (  ),       .     ,     1520 ,       .  ,        ,    ,   ,    .   ,        ,  1762.    .






  . . 1820- .



       1762.    .     (        )       ,      .    ,   ,         ,      1777.         , ,   ,    ,         [43 -  .  -    .  . ., 1839. . 2526; Storch H.F., von. The Picture of Petersburg. L., 1801. P. 22.].          I (16821725)      , ,    ,      [44 -       .       1666.,     ,     : ,       ,      (Priestly H. London: The Years of Change. N.Y., 1966. P. 200). ,        ,    ϸ  .].

        .      ,    ,          .  ,      ,     .  ,      ,       ,        [45 - Perry John. The State of Russia under the Present Czar. L., 1716. P.40;  .   //    ,     : 7. ., 18011809.. 4. ., 1807. . 678;  ..       . ., 1954. . 131.        . ,     ,   ,  ,    ,      ,     .       ,       .         ,       .  ,          ..         ,    .]. ϸ ,     -   ,        ,   1717. .-.. .            ,       .         ,  [46 - .     .: Konvitz J.W. Cities and the Sea: Port City Planning in Early Modern Europe. Baltimore, 1978. P. 155.].         ,   1762.   .




   


 1750- .,      ,         .          - .            .  ,     ,   ,                ,   ,    , .         ,       .           ,      .   ,    ,     ,      .     ,    .          .            .   ,        , ,    ,     .

         .  ,    ,  ,       .       ,        ,         .          ,           :  ,         ,      ,     ,  ,  ,  ,   ,        .  ,         ,     ,    ,     .

       ,   .  1750- .,         50- ,           ,           .        ,      .            (   ,  7 ),      ,      ( ,  ,  ,  ,    ).         ,      ,     ,       (, , , ,   ..),      ,    (.. ,            ,  ,  ,   - )[47 -        ,     ,     - .         -       ,    .     ,     ,    ,  ,                   (. . 16. . 447, . 1. . 54).].   ,    20,24 .  (7,7 . ).        (53,8%).  39%    .      2,7% ,      1,7%,       0,5%  .

  ,      ,        (      ,  , ,   ..,      , ,   .),     (       ),    ,   (.  1.1). ,         ,           . ,     ,         ,   .          ,  -     ,      .     ,       ,         ,         ,       .  ,         .



 1.1 

    . 1752.








               , , , ,    . 1752.   ,   ,    .        ,     ,    ,       ,     .  ,          ,      ,                  .

       1752.,   ,   ,   ,   5% (, 4,7%)  ,   .  ,  0,7%  ,     ,   ,          1760- .      ( 5,4%)  .   , ,     ,    .   ,      ,     11%   .   1%,  ,    .

        ,       ,        . ,        ,     ,          ,        ,         .     ,   1752.           .           ,     ,          .           . ,            ,      .  ,     ,     35%          ,    .

         ,         -    .    1752., ,      ,    ,  -   .    ,               [48 - ., :  .    . ., 1846;        XIX  / . . . . . ., 2002;  ..  .     . 2- . ., . .;  ..   . ., 1994;  ..    -. ., 1995;  ..,  ..   .  :   . ., 1997;  .    . ., 2002;  .   . ., 2002;  .,  .    . , 2002;  ..   -: , , . ., 2002.]. ,     ;    ,   -.   XVIII.              .   ,      ,       .

    ,   ,   ,              ,  .     ( -   ),       ,       .

           .     ,    ,     [49 -       (    ).      ,              XVII.     . .: Hittle J.M. The Service City: State and Townsmen in Russia. 16001800. Cambridge, MA, 1979 (. 12).].     .            ,        ,  .      .     , ,  ,    ,   ,  ,   , ,  , ,   ,       ,     [50 -       ,    ,    ,  ,  .   ,     ,       1649.,             ( ..    II //  :       / . .. . . 4. XVIII :  . ., 1913. . 252253; . : Hittle J.M. The Service City. P. 6667).].

  XVIII.     ,     .              .  ,  ,   ,  ,    ,      ,   ,  ,         ,  ,    .               ,   1775.    1785.      [51 - Hittle J.M. The Service City. P. 234236.].  -,     ,       ,                 [52 -   .:  ..       . ., 1954. . 62.].             ,     ,  ,  [53 -     ..          II (. 1914. 12 (.). . 286287).].    XVIII.                 ,                .




 


  ,         ,    .        ,     ,              -     .        ,  , ,  [54 -       ,  ,  ,     ,   ,     ,         .        ,    (,      ).     . .:  ..   ,       1751  1762 ,  . . ., 1903. . 109111, 119120, 122124, 126128.].      ,             .            ,     ,    ,   -  .        ,  ,         .     ,           1720- .[55 - .     : Blumenfeld H. Russian City Planning of the Eighteenth and the Early Nineteenth Centuries // Journal of the American Society of Architectural Historians. Vol. 4, 1. (Jan. 1944). P. 26.].              .

,    ,   -        -.      ,       .      ,     . 1741.,    ,  ,    :       ,        .         .      1762.  ,    ,         (. ).

                   (      ).                     .                 ,    ,   [56 -         ,       . ., 1753.         ,         . . :  .. ,     -,    ,  1703  1751 ,  . ,     ,         . ., 1779. . 200201;  ..  -: 2. . 2. ., 1834. . 103104.].    ,     ,  1762.      [57 -  1762. ϸ       .       ,        (. . 575.  .. 124); . :    (. . 485. . 2. . 3).].   ,  - ,   , ,     ,             .      ,  -  ,       ,     .  -      ,         ,         .         ,    .          ,      ,      (     )       .






 -.  1753.



    ,         1736  1737.   ,                 ,        .       ,  -      ,    ,      .   ,       ,               :     ,    .        .

  ,    ,       ,     ,      ,   ,           .        ,            , .. -,  1764.   ,       .  1762.              .  ,   ,            .        ,       ,   ,   , ,      ,     ,        ,      .        , , , , , .      .






 -. 1776.



         ,               ,     .          ().   ,      ,        ,           ,   [58 -  .     . 1. . 53.  ,      , .:  ..   . 26 (     (. 485. . 2. . 3)).].        , ,  ,          .      ,        .          ,           (  . 43  ,     ).         ,        .






   ( )   () 






    






    



           .                ,      ,  ,  ,      ,   . 1762.         XVIII.  , , , , , , ,       , , , , .   ,    ,       , , .           ,           ,      [59 -  .     . 1. . 3849; Craven E. A Journey through the Crimea to Constantinople in a Series of Letters. L., 1789. P. 125; Hanway J. An Historical Account of the British Trade over the Caspian Sea: With a Journal of his Travels. 4vols. L., 1753. Vol. 2. P. 135; Richardson W. Anecdotes of the Russian Empire in a Series of Notes. L., 1784. P. 27 n; . : Cross A. By the Banks of the Neva: Chapters from the Lives and Careers of the British in EighteenthCentury Russia. Cambridge, 1997. P. 11.].

  ,   -,    .        ,    .  ,   ,      ,      .          ,     ,      .         ,    [60 -    ( . . 40. 95). . :  ..    6090-  XVIII  // . . 1. . 316;  .. . -      . ., 1913. . 100101.    ,       ,    .].

   ϸ I       ,     ,      ,        .          (..  ),      [61 -       .:  ..   . ., 1953. . 372.].  1762.              ,                   .       -   .    ,  ,      .

        .           ,    -    .  , ,         ,      ,       .   ,          .      -  ,   ,    .     ,          1750- .,        . ,         XVIII.,  1762.       ,    .

    :      ()        ( ).        ,   ,    .           , ,  ,      .    ,         .

          ,       .      ,        ,      .      -  , ,  ,           .






..   . .. .      . 1817.






. .           .



         ,    .              ,       .           .  1762.            ,     -     .        ,       .  ,      ,       .         ,          .

      .    ,        ,      .   ,   ,  ,       .     ,      .     .          ,   ,       ;  ,         ,   [62 -  ..    . 2. . 186.].     .         ,    .

   ,        ,       [63 - . . 485. . 2. . 14;  ..    . 134;  .. . . 47.].    , ,   .           .            ,       , ,  ,   [64 - Blumenfeld H. Russian City Planning of the Eighteenth and the Early Nineteenth Centuries // Journal of the American Society of Architectural Historians. Vol. 4, 1. (Jan. 1944). P. 30.].

                .    ,    ,          .         ,   [65 - . . 485. . 2. . 18.].

        ,   ,       ,     . ,   1737.        ,     ,             ,     .    ,     ,    .






 1737. -



  1760- .        .         .      ,    ,         (   )[66 -  , ,            ,  ,     ,   ,      ,   .         (Coxe W. Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden and Denmark. 3vols. Dublin, 1784. Vol. 2. Book 4. P. 465466).].  ,             .      ,     , ,   .    ,         ; ,     [67 - Marshall J. Travels through Holland, Flanders, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Lapland, Russia, the Ukraine, and Poland, in the Years 1768, 1769, and 1770. 4vols. L., 1772. Vol. 3. P. 110.].        .      ,     ,        .             - ,                .        .  ,         .    ,  .          ,      [68 - Storch H.F., von. The Picture of Petersburg. P. 2527; . . 294. . 2. . 530.               ,        .     ϸ III ,      ,             ( ..  . -    -: 5. . 1. ., 1902. . 174).].           ,      ,     .    ,        ,       ,         .            ,           .   ,             ,     ,      ,       [69 - . . . 40. 70, 71, 95.].

                 .       ,          .            .     ,  ,      .              ,               ,      [70 -  ..   . 308.].      1000     500       (.   . 43).

    .    ,        .    ,             .    ,   ,      ,   ;       ,     .              .   30         .    ,    ; ,  ,     .          , ,       (,  ),    ,  ,             (          )  .         [71 - . . 485. . 2. . 15, 1363.         .     ,    ,      II,          ,   ,     (    ).].      ,            ,   .      ,      ,   ,     . Ÿ       ,    1762.       ,             [72 -  ..    . 107.].






. .  . .. .  . 1750.



                       .        ,       .          ,       ,      ,  ,    .

         ,    40             .                .                .            [73 -  1764.           .    ,          ( ..  . I.      //  .  . /. . .  4. ., 18681869. . 2. . 603).         , , ,     ,   ,   ,     .     ,  ,       .  ,        ,      ( ..  -   . 602603; Storch H.F., von. The Picture of Petersburg. P. 493507).].

      .     ,          .         .            .       :      ,      ,   ,   .     ,   ,    .  ,  ,         ,       .  ..      :   , ,    ;     ,     ;         ,        ,   ,  ,            ?[74 -  ..  .    . ., 1922. . 1011.        . .:  .     . 5. . 628.]        4  7  (  )   .   ,    . ,    ,          .  ,        , , ,  [75 - Storch H.F., von. The Picture of Petersburg. P.2425;  ..        XVIII. (.; ., 1957)        .].           ,      .

        ,    .    , -    .      ,   ,    ,       XVIII.      ,   .







       ,         ,  -     .      ,   .            ,             .

   XVIII.     ,          . , -            ,       . ,      ,  .  ,                  .    ,    ,      . ,          ,       .      (, ,         ).  -               1730- .[76 -   XVIII.     -. ,    ,       ,    .     1736  1737.               .      ( ..    . 107.).].

    ; ,      ,  ,     .     ,    ,    .      .        .         .      ,        ;   ,       .       .           ,            [77 -   .: Jones E. Towns and Cities. L., 1966.   XX. ,  ,          --  .].

   ,         ,        :  ,  ,   -       (  . 43  ,        ,     ).  ,        ,       . ,  ,  ,   I           (Nyenskans),   .    800 ,       .           ,         .      .        ,   -       ,         .

 ,             .                  ,     ,           ,  .          ,       .          [78 -  .   . ., 1855. . 7;  ..,  ..   6090- . XVIII. // . . I. . 351352.].

,   1750-   1760- ., ,         ,   .       ,   , , , .         ,       ,   ,     [79 -    . 79, 1113, 1516; . . . 40. . 73, 81, 82, 85, 95 (); . . 485. . 2. . 1012.].

,   , ,   ,      ,            ,   ,    .        ,      .    .      ,         .            ,   ,   ,      .   ,   ,     .       ,    ,     .    ,               .     ,       ,      . , ,          ,             .  1762.          .    II      [80 - .      4.  ,       ,   .:  .. -   .   XVIII . ., 1967. . 5659.].

          ,    ,  ,               - .  ,   1753., ,         .      ,         . , ,        ,     [81 -    . 96.         . .:  .. . . 102.].               [82 -  ,             .       ,       ,    . . . 485. . 2. . 686, 1002, 1013 ();    . 16.].    , - ,     (   ) ,   ,   ,    .        .         ;     (     )    -       [83 -    . 1216; . . . 40. . 73, 81, 82, 85, 95 ().].

           ,     .               ,       ,      .  -   ,   I   I (17251727.)  ,    ,      .

          .      ,   .   ,   ,        .   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,    .           .        1762.    . -,            ,   .    ,    - ,   [84 -        , -        -   -  . -       I .,      .]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/dzhordzh-manro/peterburg-v-carstvovanie-ekateriny-velikoy-samyy-umyshlennyy-gorod/?lfrom=236201804&ffile=1)  .

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47


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48


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51


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52


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53


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54


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56


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57


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58


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61


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62


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63


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64


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66


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70


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71


. . 485. . 2. . 15, 1363.         .     ,    ,      II,          ,   ,     (    ).




72


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73


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75


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76


  XVIII.     -. ,    ,       ,    .     1736  1737.               .      ( ..    . 107.).




77


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78


 .   . ., 1855. . 7;  ..,  ..   6090- . XVIII. // . . I. . 351352.




79


   . 79, 1113, 1516; . . . 40. . 73, 81, 82, 85, 95 (); . . 485. . 2. . 1012.




80


.      4.  ,       ,   .:  .. -   .   XVIII . ., 1967. . 5659.




81


   . 96.         . .:  .. . . 102.




82


 ,             .       ,       ,    . . . 485. . 2. . 686, 1002, 1013 ();    . 16.




83


   . 1216; . . . 40. . 73, 81, 82, 85, 95 ().




84


       , -        -   -  . -       I .,      .


